Positive effects of Andrographis paniculata extract on growth performance, haematology, serum biochemistry, organosomatic indices and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in hybrid catfish (Clarias macrocephalus × Clarias gariepinus)

ABSTRACT

This research was conducted to determine the effects of Andrographis paniculate extract on hybrid catfish. The fish were fed 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g/kg extract to supplement their diets for 90 days. The highest weigh gain, average daily growth, specific growth rate, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio, as well as the lowest feed conversion rate, were found in the group fed 0.6 g/kg. RBC were at their highest in all treatment groups, while the highest levels of total WBC and haematocrit percentage were observed in the group fed 0.6 g/kg. ALT and triglyceride were at their lowest levels in all treatment groups, while the highest amounts of glucose were found in all treatment groups. The highest levels of high-density lipoprotein and the lowest cholesterol were observed in fish fed 0.6 g/kg. Lysozyme activity was initially observed at a significant difference on days 60–90, the highest activity was found in the group fed 0.6 g/kg. After bacterial challenge test, lysozyme activity and WBC were significantly increased in all treatment groups, the lowest cumulative mortality was found in the group fed 0.6 g/kg. These results suggest that 0.6 g/kg of the extract has positive effects on hybrid catfish.

KEYWORDS:

• Herbal extract
• Andrographis paniculata
• physiological response
• bacterial challenge test
• hybrid catfish

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank The Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund and the University of Phayao, for providing facilities for the present research. Moreover, the authors would like to thank all the staff and students in the fisheries programme for their help with data collection.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Compliance with ethical standards

The procedures for this research, concerning animal care and experimentation, were approved by the Committee for the Institution of Animal Care at the University of Phayao, Thailand (ID: 1-030-65).

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Chitra Ear: Conceptualization, Investigation, Formal analysis, writing original draft, Writing-review and editing. Sontaya Sookying: Data curation, Methodology, Formal analysis, Supervision. Korntip Kannika: Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision. Chatmongkon Suwannapoom: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision Paiboon Panase: Data curation, Investigation. Resources, Visualization, Visualization, Writing-review and editing, Validation, writing review and editing, Conceptualization, Funding acquisitions, Supervision, Project administration.

Additional information

Funding

This research project was supported by the Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund and the University of Phayao (226/2567). We would like to thank the School of Agriculture and Natural Recourses and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, at the University of Phayao, Thailand, for providing facilities for the present research. Moreover, the authors would like to thank all the staff and students in the fisheries programme for their help with data collection.