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ABSTRACT
Confluences are common in natural and in artificial open channels. The flow separation at a confluence becomes very complex because of the interaction of flow between the channels. The present experimental study examines a 90°, sharp-edged, open-channel confluence for channels of equal width. Velocity measurements are recorded using an acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) throughout the confluence region, while depth measurements are made using a point gauge. Variations of the separation zone at different elevations are shown for different discharge ratios. Based on the analysis of observed data, the geometry and the tendency of the separation zone are presented in different forms on horizontal planes at various heights from the base of the flume. In addition, water surface profile near the confluence is also presented. It is also observed that combining flow significantly enhances secondary circulation in different directions at higher and lower velocity zones due to the effects of flow separation in the downstream of the confluence.