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Abstract
Salvia officinalis is a versatile medicinal plant with multitude of applications. The present study was designed to study the variation in the quality and quantity of the leaf essential oil of S. officinalis collected during all the months between July 2012 and June 2013, along with its antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The highest percentage of essential oil was found in the month of July (0.600%) and the lowest percentage of oil was recorded in the month of September (0.225%), a period of latent vegetation. The percentage of major constituents of twelve sage samples were: α-pinene (3.22-7.69%), β-pinene (1.57-28.33%), camphene (1.22-6.11%), α-thujone (17.20-40.45%), β-thujone (2.17-4.97%), 1,8-cineole (0.97-7.76%), camphor (0.88-36.97%), borneol (2.12-18.38%), α-caryophyllene (1.38-17.32%) and β-caryophyllene (1.15-15.37 %). The relative percentage of camphor was higher (0.88-36.97%) during cold winters (Nov-Feb). Borneol, αand β-caryophyllene were also at higher percentage in the vegetative period (May-June) while as α-thujone and β-thujone were at peak at the end of vegetative period. The essential oil samples exhibited broad spectrum antibacterial activity against the gram positive bacterial pathogens and showed moderate free radical scavenging activity.