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Abstract
The chemical composition of essential oils extracted by hydro-distillation of leaves, unripe and ripe fruit peels of Citrus reshni hort. ex Tanaka was studied using GC-MS analysis. The antiviral activity against avian influenza A (H5N1) was tested using Plaque reduction assay. Limonene was the major component in fruit peel oils whereas sabinene followed by linalool were the major components of the leaf oil. Percentage of limonene in fruit peel oil increased by ripening which influenced the biological activity of the oil. The peel oils (unripe and ripe) showed moderate inhibition of (H5N1) virus at concentration (2.5 μl/ml) where the ripe peel oil showed a higher selectivity index (8.716), on the other hand the leaf oil showed weak inhibition of (H5N1) virus and displayed high cytotoxicity which suggests other medicinal uses. The antiviral activity could be attributed to a synergistic effect between limonene; major component in peel oil, and other minor components. This study was the first to investigate the antiviral activity of C. reshni essential oils, as well as, the changes in composition of C. reshni peel oil during ripening and its effect on biological activity.