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Abstract
Trachyspermum ammi L. is a medicinal plant as a source of many secondary metabolites with potential bioactivities. The most valuable components of oil are used in the food industry as flavouring agents, preservatives, and food additives. The objective of this study is to assess the phytoconstituents of seed essential oil from Eastern Odisha (India), as well as its antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The GC-MS analysis found a total of 14 metabolites (98.70%), with thymol (60.71%) being the most abundant one followed by p-cymene (20.58 %), γ-terpinene (13.38 %) and others (4.03%). The well diffusion assay demonstrated an inhibitory effect against two gram-positive and six gram-negative pathogens with ZOI (Zone of Inhibition) between 17 and 20 mm at same 2 µl of oil. E. coli, Citrobacter koseri, Salmonella typhi, and Klebsiella pneumoniae exhibited the most promising antibacterial activity, with MIC range from 15.62 to 31.25 µg/ml and MBC 31.25 to 62.5 µg/ml, respectively. In addition, Klebsiella pneumoniae DR (drug resistance) had a superior antibacterial effect at the same MIC and MBC value of 7.81 µg/ml compared to standard antibiotic Ciprofloxacin, which acted at 50 µg/ml. The growth reduction assay of oil showed the sub-MIC dose effectively restricted the bacterial growth of 8 tested microorganisms. The DPPH assay reveals that essential oil has similar antioxidant potential compared to ascorbic acid. Thus, the present study demonstrates potential of thymol-rich T. ammi essential oil as an antibacterial agent against foodborne diseases.