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Abstract
Dracocephalum moldavica L. is an annual medicinal plant that belongs to the Labiate family. The essential oil of this plant has natural antibacterial, antimicrobial and Healing of wounds. To determine the essential oil content and compositions of its shoots, different populations were examined at three regions, consisted Sepidan, Lar, and Fasa (Fars province, Iran). These regions were cold semi-arid, hot desert, and hot semi-arid climates with rainfall 491, 216, and 196 mm/year, respectively. The essential oil was extracted by the use of hydro distillation, and was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and biological activities in terms of antioxidant properties were also performed as per standard methods. A total of 21 compounds were identified from these populations. The results showed that most of these compounds were related to the Sepidan region. The main components of the essential oil were geranyl acetate (24.34-25.11%), neral (13.57-14.05%), geraniol (12.99-13.60%), and geranial (12.99-13.03%). The lowest compounds were obtained in the Lar region, but this region exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (83.31%), the highest amount of total phenolic, and flavonoid. According to climatic parameters effects on phytochemical compounds of D.moldavica species, these findings indicated that this species' populations from the south of Iran are characterized by geranyl acetate-rich EOs which can be considered for further domestication, conservation, breeding, and exploitation programs.