Current Mirrors: Essential Units for Analog Circuit Structures

Abstract

Current mirrors are basic building blocks of almost all analog and mixed mode circuit structures. Hence, the characteristics of these current mirrors decide their performance. Depending upon the characteristics of the input output ports, several implementations for the current mirrors are available. The selection of a suitable current mirror for a particular application becomes important, which needs better understanding of all types of current mirrors, so that an appropriate current mirror can be selected. In this tutorial article, we address this problem.

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Notes on contributors

S S Rajput

S S Rajput was born on July 1, 1957, at village Bashir Pur, District Bijnor UP India. He received his BE in Electronics and Communication Engineering and ME in Solid State Electronics Engineering from University of Roorkee, Roorkee, (Now, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee) in 1978 and 1981, respectively and was awarded University gold medal in 1981. He obtained his Ph D degree in Electrical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi in 2002. He joined National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India as Scientist B in 1983, where he is presently serving as Scientist EII. He has worked for the design, development, testing and fabrication of an instrument meant for space exploration under the ISRO-NPL joint program for development of scientific instruments for the Indian Satellite SROSS-C and SROSS-2 missions. He reached interests include low voltage analog circuit design, instrument design for space applications, digital signal processing applications, fault tolerant design and fault detection. He has more than 20 publications in national and international journals.

S S Jamuar

S S Jamuar was born on 27th November 1949. He received his BSc Engg Degree in Electronics and Communication from Bihar Institute of Technology, Sindri in 1967. M Tech and Ph D in Electrical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India in 1970 and 1977 respectively. He worked as Research Assistant, Senior Research Fellow and Senior Research Assistant between 1969 to 1975 at IIT Kanpur. During 1975–76, he was with Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd, Lucknow. Subsequently he joined the Lasers and Spectroscopy Group in the Physics Department at IIT Kanpur, where he was involved in the design of various types of Laser Systems. He joined IIT Delhi in 1977. Presently he is Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at IIT Delhi since 1991. His area of interest includes Electronic Circuit Design, Instrumentation and Communication systems. He is recipient of Meghnad Saha Memorial Award 1976 from IETE, Distinguished Alumni Award from BIT Sindri in 1999. Professor Jamuar is senior member of IEEE and Fellow member of IETE (India).