Abstract
The origins and phylogenetic patterns were assessed for G. przexvalskii and G. eckloni by analyzing the complete mtDNA cytochrome b gene sequence (1140bp). Phylogenetic analyses further supported that there were three mtDNA lineages (A-C) i-dentified in G. przewalskii and G. eckloni, demonstrating that outer rakers of the first gill have little significance in the phylogeny of the Gymnocypris fishes. The network established showed that G. eckloni of the Yellow River specific haplotype Al was a founder and it radiated all haplotypes of G. przexvalskii which suggested G. przexvalskii might only originate from one of two maternals of G. eckloni from the Yellow River. Fs test and mismatch analysis showed at least two expansion events in the population of G. przexvalskii about 0.2734 Ma and 0. 0658 Ma, while G. eckloni from Qaidam Basin could have experienced severe bottleneck effect about 0.0693 Ma. The population expansion was detected in subclades Al and A21 with the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) about 0.2308±0.01 Ma and 0.1319±0.015 Ma, respectively which were within the geological age range of Gonghe Movement event that caused the separation of Lake Qinghai from the upper Yellow River. These results suggested the effect of the fish diversification by rapid uplift of the Qing-hai-Tibetan Plateau in the Late Pleistocene.
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Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30225008) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KSCXZ-SW-101B)
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30225008) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KSCXZ-SW-101B)
Notes
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30225008) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KSCXZ-SW-101B)