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Original Articles

A description of selected grammatical characteristics of mine fanakalo

A DESCRIPTION OF SELECTED GRAMMATICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MINE FANAKALO

Pages 3-18 | Published online: 23 Jan 2012
 

Abstract

Die strukturele verslag wat volg, ondersoek die sintaktiese, leksiko-semantiese en morfologiese eienskappe van Myn-Fanakalo. Met gebruik van data wat op 'n Transvaalse goudmyn in 1978 opgeneem is, beskryf ek eerstens die eenvoudigste sinstrukture in Fanakalo en in die besonder die naamwoord-sinsdeel (onderwerp en direkte voorwerp) asook die werkwoord-sinsdeel, sowel as een voorbeeld van 'n saamgestelde sin, d.w.s. een wat een of meer relatiewe bysinne bykomend tot die hoofsin insluit. Ek beskrywe dan die leksiko-semantiese eienskappe van die data en in die proses stip ek die oorsprong van leksikale items van Fanakalo aan, bereken 'n tipe-kenteken verhouding en wys pertinent op prominente leksikaliseringsprosesse, waarna ek die aandag vestig op die semantiese digtheid van items in die woordeskat. Hierdie uiteensetting word afgesluit met 'n kort oorsig oor die morfologie van Fanakalo. Daarin identifiseer ek prominente verbuigings- en afleidingsprosesse wat in die data gebruik is. Ek wys die leser deurgaans op die buitengewone kompleksiteit van die data, as in ag geneem word dat Fanakalo 'n pidgintaal is.

The structural account which follows examines the syntactic, lexico-semantic and morphological characteristics of Mine Fanakalo. Drawing on data recorded on a Transvaal gold mine in 1978, I first describe the simplest sentence structures in Fanakalo, specifically, the NP (subject and direct object) and the VP, as well as one kind of complex sentence, viz., that which includes one or more relative clauses in addition to the main clause. I then describe lexico-semantic features of the data, in the process detailing the source of Fanakalo lexical items, computing a type-token ratio, and pointing out prominent lexicalization processes, after which I draw attention to the semantic density of items in the lexicon. A brief outline of Fanakalo morphology concludes this paper. In it I identify prominent inflectional and derivational processes employed in the data. Throughout, I alert the reader to the uncharacteristic complexity of the data, bearing in mind, that is, that Fanakalo is a pidgin language.

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