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Original Articles

Tempusgebruik in Afrikaanse narratiewe

Tense usage in Afrikaans narratives

Pages 37-43 | Received 01 Jul 1997, Accepted 01 Nov 1997, Published online: 23 Jan 2012
 

Abstract

Labov se model vir narratiewe ontleding is op verskeie Afrikaanse narratiewe tekste toegepas ten einde teksvoorkeure vir die verskillende onderdele van die narratief te bepaal. Die verdwyning van die preteritum—die narratiewe tempus by uitne-mendheid—in vroeë Afrikaans het die taal met twee basiese tempuskategorieë gelaat: die ongemarkeerde presens en 'n ge—markeerde verlede tyd wat uit die perfektum en restante van die preteritum van die werkwoord wees (was)en 'n paar modale hulpwerkwoorde bestaan. Daar is gevind dat terwyl sekere (veral mondelinge) vertellers die presens verkies, daa? tog sekere prosaskrywers is wat 'n voorkeur vir verledetydsvorme het. Die twee tempora word egter dikwels kontrastief ge-bruik. Die kontras kan oor die algemeen met agtergrond—en voorgrondstelling in verband gebring word, maar die presens is—met verwysing na Labov se kategorieë—meer spesifiek die voorkeurtempus in die narratiewe modus en word in die besonder vir Verwikkelings gebruik asook vir aspekte van Oriëntasie en Resultaat, terwyl die voorkeur in die metanarra-tiewe modus na die kombinasie perfektum/preteritum uitgaan, wat gebruik word vir die Tema, Evaluasie en Koda, sowel as vir aspekte van Oriëntasie en Resultaat.

Labov's model for narrative analysis was applied to several Afrikaans narrative texts to determine tense preferences for the various parts of the narrative. The disappearance of the preterite—the narrative tense par excellence—in early Afrikaans, has left the language with two basic tense categories: the unmarked present and a marked past tense consisting of the perfect and remnants of the preterite for the verb to be (was)and a few modal auxiliaries. It was found that while certain narrators (oral, in particular) preferred the present tense, there were prose writers who preferred the past tense forms. Often, however, the two tense categories were used contrastively. Generally speaking, the contrast could be related to backgrounding and foregrounding, but more precisely, with reference to Labov's categories, the present was the preferred tense in the narrative mode and used for Complicating Actions in particular but also for aspects of Orientation and Result/Resolution, while the perfect/preterite was the tense combination preferred in the metanarrative mode and used for the Abstract, Evaluation and Coda as well as for aspects of Orientation and Result/Resolution.

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