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Abstract
This overview describes the relationship between Staphylococcus aureus and its human host, as a part of the normal colonising fora and as an aggressive pathogen. The history of antimicrobial usage and the development of resistance in this organism are related to new challenges, including the epidemiology of resistant strains, the emergence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant strains and the emergence of decreased susceptibility to the glycopeptides. Finally, considerations when treating infection caused by S. aureus are summarised and treatment guidance is provided.