Sanctions with Chinese Characteristics: Rhetoric and Restraint in China’s Diplomacy

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Notes

1 James Reilly, ‘China’s Economic Statecraft: Turning Wealth into Power,’ Lowy Institute, November 27, 2013, https://www.lowyinstitute.org/publications/chinas-economic-statecraft-turning-wealth-power.

2 See, for example, Mingjiang Li, ed., China’s Economic Statecraft: Co-optation, Cooperation, and Coercion (Singapore: World Scientific Publishing, 2017); Robert D Blackwill and Jennifer M Harris, War by Other Means: Geoeconomics and Statecraft, (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2016).

3 Blackwill and Harris, War by Other Means, 93.

4 Alexandra Hofer, ‘The Developed/Developing Divide on Unilateral Coercive Measures: Legitimate Enforcement or Illegitimate Intervention?’ Chinese Journal of International Law 16 (2017): 175–214.

5 UN, ‘Russia, China Block Security Council Action on Use of Chemical Weapons in Syria,’ UN News, February 28, 2017, https://news.un.org/en/story/2017/02/552362-russia-china-block-security-council-action-use-chemical-weapons-syria.

6 Blackwill and Harris, War by Other Means, 108.

7 See, for example, Blackwill and Harris, War by Other Means, 120, where it is asserted that ‘[i]n other cases, China has merely [signalled] to its [neighbours] the costs of risking geopolitical daylight between it and them, making those governments less inclined to act in ways that would run counter to China’s strategic objectives’.

8 Bonnie S Glaser, ‘China’s Coercive Economic Diplomacy: A New and Worrying Trend’, Center for Strategic and International Studies, August 6, 2012, https://www.csis.org/analysis/chinas-coercive-economic-diplomacy-new-and-worrying-trend.

9 Li, China’s Economic Statecraft, xxv.

10 Kath Sullivan, ‘China’s list of sanctions and tariffs on Australian trade is growing. Here’s what has been hit so far,’ ABC Rural, December 16, 2020, https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-12-17/australian-trade-tension-sanctions-china-growing-commodities/12984218.