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Abstract
Antarctic krill were maintained in large aquaria at Port of Nagoya Aquarium, Japan, under controlled photoperiod and were fed on phytoplankton and enriched animal feed. Maturation and spawning were induced after the light : dark (L : D) cycle was increased from 8 : 16 or 12 : 12 to 24 : 0, or when the L : D cycle was held constant at 14 : 10. This study is one of the first studies that demonstrate initiation of maturation and spawning events of krill under controlled photoperiod. Out of three experimental batches of krill, a total of 28 spawning events were observed. The mean number of eggs per event was 1424 with a range between 139 and 3458. The mean hatching success per batch was 19.1%. The relation between photoperiod and maturity/spawning is discussed. Furthermore, hatching is compared to previous studies and the reason for the low success is discussed.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to express thanks to S. Nicol of the Australian Antarctic Division for providing live krill for our experiment and also for his critical comments on the manuscript. Thanks are extended to the three reviewers, J. Cuzin-Roudy, P. Dalpadado, and L. Quetin for their critical and constructive comments.
Notes
*Subdivided from 00K on; **Sex ratio determined for 00K; *** Australian Antarctic Division.
The nutritional supplement per 1 kg.
*No data available; **No data available. Still had not reached juveniles on the date of table preparation; ***Eggs were not fertile
