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Original Articles

Rythme Circadien endogène d'émergence et d'activité natatoire chez i'isopode profond Cirolana borealis lilljeborg

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Pages 151-164 | Published online: 22 Jan 2009
 

L'Isopode profond Cirolana borealis présente en milieu expérimental un rythme circadien endogène net d'émergence du sédiment, de géonégativité, et d'activité natatoire. Le rythme a pu être enregistré durant plus de 60 jours consécutifs en obscurité constante. Il se manifeste chez les animaux conditionnés à un éclairement de surface (100 à 10‐5 μW.cm‐2), chez ceux conditionnés à éclairement très réduit (10‐4 à 10‐11 μW.cm‐2), et chez ceux prélevés à ‐ 400 m, et immédiatement expérimentés. La phase d'activité, de durée variable selon les individus, est centrée sur le crépuscule. La période et l'amplitude sont sujettes à de fortes variations individuelles. Généralement inférieure à 24 h chez les animaux conditionnés au laboratoire, la période est le plus souvent supérieure à 25 h chez les animaux provenant directement du milieu naturel. La synchronisation semble essentiellement assurée par les variations lumineuses nycthémérales: un éclairement de valeur diurne provoque une géopositivité permanente et, le plus souvent, un enfouissement au moins partiel des individus, même durant la phase d'activité.

The swimming activity of the deep water Isopod Cirolana borealis (Crustacea Flabellifera) was recorded in constant darkness and under natural day‐night regime in actographs using optoelectronic barriers or videography. The Isopoda used in the experiment were obtained from baited traps from depths of 350–400 m on the Provençal coast of NW Mediterranean France. Three groups of animals were used: (i) animals conditioned under natural surface day‐night light cycles (100 to 10‐5 μW.cm‐2), (ii) animals conditioned under natural reduced day‐night light cycles (104 to 10‐11 μW.cm‐2), (iii) freshly collected animals trapped at 400 m depth and placed in a light proof tank by night on shipboard. In constant darkness the three groups exhibit a clear endogenous circadian rhythm of spontaneous emergence from the substratum, geonegativity, and swimming activity. The rhythm could be recorded over sixty days. The phase of activity, which lasted 1–10 h, took place, on the first day of recording, between the middle of the afternoon and midnight. Single animals in the actograph displayed rhythms whose occurrence, period, amplitude and phase duration differed markedly from one another. The free running period was usually shorter than 24 h in animals kept in the laboratory (17.00 to 24.70 h, mean: 22.85 h), and longer in freshly collected animals (24.26 h to 25.81 h, mean 25.25 h). Diurnal light inhibits the geonegativity and induces reburrowing but does not suppress the swimming activity when sediment is absent. Day‐night light cycles fixed the onset of the activity at dusk in rhythmic as in non‐rhythmic animals. The irradiance level at 400 m depth in the NW Mediterranean appears sufficient to synchronise the endogenous rhythm. These results could explain the fact that most animals are trapped at night with both epipelagic sledge and baited traps. The discovery of an endogenous circadian rhythm of swimming activity in a constantly deep living animal supports the assumption of an endogenous control of vertical migration in many bathy and infrapelagic Crustacea.

Notes

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