Regulation of Macronutrient Intake—Carbohydrate, Fat and Protein

Abstract

Appetite regulation and feeding behaviour is critical for survival. Through appetite regulation the proper amounts of fat, carbohydrate and protein are provided as well as the proper amounts of micronutrients. The existence of a selective macronutrient appetite regulation has been demonstrated both in rodents and man. This macronutrient preference is genetically determined and within a species dependent on diurnal variation. Certain neuropeptides and monoamines have been identified as giving preingestive signals for this macronutrient appetite regulation. The digestion, absorption and metabolism of the nutrients constitute a second part of macronutrient regulation, giving post-ingestive signals.

This review focuses on the current knowledge of macronutrient appetite regulation and its importance.

Keywords:

• Fat intake
• Carbohydrate intake
• Protein intake
• Amylase
• Lipase
• Glucose oxidation
• Fatty acid oxidation
• Uncoupling proteins