Evaluation of dietary and lifestyle changes as modifiers of S100β levels in Alzheimer’s disease

Nathan M. D’CunhaUniversity of Canberra Health Research Institute (UCHRI), University of Canberra, Locked Bag 1, Bruce, CanberraACT 2601, Australia;Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers Group (CRIBB), University of Canberra, Bruce, CanberraACT 2601, Australia

Andrew J. McKuneCollaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers Group (CRIBB), University of Canberra, Bruce, CanberraACT 2601, Australia;University of Canberra, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Bruce, CanberraACT 2601, Australia;Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban4041, South Africa

Demosthenes B. PanagiotakosDepartment of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health and Education, Harokopio University, Athens176 71, Greece

Ekavi N. GeorgousopoulouCollaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers Group (CRIBB), University of Canberra, Bruce, CanberraACT 2601, Australia;Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health and Education, Harokopio University, Athens176 71, Greece

Jackson ThomasUniversity of Canberra Health Research Institute (UCHRI), University of Canberra, Locked Bag 1, Bruce, CanberraACT 2601, Australia;Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers Group (CRIBB), University of Canberra, Bruce, CanberraACT 2601, Australia

Duane D. MellorUniversity of Canberra Health Research Institute (UCHRI), University of Canberra, Locked Bag 1, Bruce, CanberraACT 2601, Australia;Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers Group (CRIBB), University of Canberra, Bruce, CanberraACT 2601, Australia

Nenad NaumovskiUniversity of Canberra Health Research Institute (UCHRI), University of Canberra, Locked Bag 1, Bruce, CanberraACT 2601, Australia;Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers Group (CRIBB), University of Canberra, Bruce, CanberraACT 2601, AustraliaCorrespondence[email protected]

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Abstract

There is a significant body of research undertaken in order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as well as to discover early detection biomarkers and potential therapeutic strategies. One such proposed biomarker is the calcium binding protein S100β, which, depending on its local concentration, is known to exhibit both neurotrophic and neuroinflammatory properties in the central nervous system. At present, relatively little is known regarding the effect of chronic S100β disruption in AD. Dietary intake has been identified as a modifiable risk factor for AD. Preliminary in vitro and animal studies have demonstrated an association between S100β expression and dietary intake which links to AD pathophysiology. This review describes the association of S100β to fatty acids, ketone bodies, insulin, and botanicals as well as the potential impact of physical activity as a lifestyle factor. We also discuss the prospective implications of these findings, including support of the use of a Mediterranean dietary pattern and/or the ketogenic diet as an approach to modify AD risk.

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Evaluation of dietary and lifestyle changes as modifiers of S100β levels in Alzheimer’s disease

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Evaluation of dietary and lifestyle changes as modifiers of S100β levels in Alzheimer’s disease

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