The benefits of grape seed extract in neurological disorders and brain aging

ABSTRACT

Common neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, epilepsy, autism and psychiatric disorders, affect many people worldwide and threaten their lives and health by inducing movement disorders, behavioral disorders, or a combination of both. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play a central role in neuronal damage and neurological diseases induction and progression. In addition, protein homeostasis (proteostasis) impairment occurs in many neurodegenerative diseases, which plays a critical role in the progression of the pathology. Grape seed contains several flavonoids and non-flavonoids and exerts potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, polyphenols and flavanols can maintain cellular proteostasis. Since impaired proteostasis is closely involved in all amyloid diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases, grape seeds extract can be a valuable therapeutic agent. Therefore, this review discusses the protective and therapeutic mechanisms of grape seed against neurological disorders and, in the end, links GSE to microRNAs as future therapeutic developments.

KEYWORDS:

• Grape seed
• ‌gallic acid
• proanthocyanidins‌
• brain ageing‌
• autism spectrum disorder
• cerebral ischemia
• epilepsy
• microRNAs
• neurodegeneration

Data availability statement

All data are included in this published article.

Acknowledgment

We express our sincere gratitude for the Vise Chancellor’s support for Research, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran. AMM has received support from the Italian Ministry of health-Ricerca Corrente fund to IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

Notes on contributors

Ramin Mahdipour

Ramin Mahdipour is Msc. student in Mashhad University of medical sciences, Iran.

Alireza Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan

Alireza Ebrahimzadeh–Bideskan, PhD, is the head of the anatomical sciences and cell biology department in Mashhad University of medical sciences, Iran.

Mahmoud Hosseini

Mahmoud Hosseini, PhD, is an expert neurophysiologist in Mashhad University of medical sciences, Iran.

Sara Shahba

Sara Shahba is Msc. Student in Guilan University of medical sciences, Iran.

Giovanni Lombardi

Giovanni Lombardi, PhD, is the head of laboratory of experimental biochemistry at IRCCS instituto ortopedico Galeazzi in Milan (Italia) and is associate professor of health sciences at Poznan University of physical education (Polska).

Amir Mohammad Malvandi

Amir Mohammad Malvandi, PhD, is a researcher at the laboratory of experimental biochemistry at IRCCS instituto ortopedico Galeazzi in Milano, Italy.

Abbas Mohammadipour

Abbas Mohammadipour, PhD, works in neuroscience field and is assistant professor in Mashhad University of medical sciences, Iran.