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Abstract
Xanthohumol (XN) exerts a specific cytotoxicity in B16-F10 melanoma cells with cytoplasmic vacuoles formation. Further investigation showed XN inhibited cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner along with down-regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and up-regulation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker Bip, CHOP and protein ubiquitination, which was relieved by the ER-stress inhibitor 4-PBA. Whereas no early apoptosis characteristics was identified during XN induced cell death.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Additional information
Funding
The work was supported by Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province (tshw201502046), Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (ZR2017MH024, ZR2019MH094) and Key R&D Project of Shandong Province (2014GHY115010).