https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3743-6652
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ABSTRACT
It is expensive to scale existing methods of road condition monitoring for more frequent and network-wide coverage. Consequently, defects that increase ride roughness or can cause accidents will go undetected. This paper presents a method to enable network-wide, continuous monitoring by using low-cost GPS receivers and accelerometers onboard regular vehicles. The technique leverages the large volume of sensor signals from multiple traversals of a road segment to enhance the signal quality by ensemble averaging. However, ensemble averaging requires position-repeatable signals which are not possible because of the low resolution and low accuracy of GPS receivers and the non-uniform sampling of accelerometers. This research overcame those challenges by integrating methods of interpolation, signal resampling and correlation alignment. The experiments showed that the approach doubled the peak of the composite signal by decreasing signal misalignment by a factor of 67. The signal-to-noise ratio increased by 10 dB after combining the signals from only six traversals. A probabilistic model developed to estimate a dynamic signal-detection threshold demonstrated that both the false-positive and false-negative rates approached zero after combining the signals from 15 traversals. The method will augment the efficiency of follow-up inspections by focusing resources to locations that consistently produce rough rides.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. The data collected with the PAVVET app are in CSV format.