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Abstract
Wine products have significant environmental impacts, yet sustainable practices in the wine industry have yet to be clearly defined by regulatory bodies. In the absence of regulation, some vineyards and wineries have created their own sustainable practices. Some have turned to eco-labels to showcase their dedication to the environment. This article explores the current landscape of sustainable certifications and self-assessments accessible to vineyards within the United States.
Correction statement
This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.
Notes
1 United States Wine and Grape Industry FAQS. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://wineamerica.org/policy/by-the-numbers/.
2 Cunningham, K. 2009a. Grapes of wrath? How the United States can reduce the negative effects of winery wastewater, Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy 20:225.
3 Barriger, L. 2011. Global warming and viticulture: The ability of wine regions to adapt in differing regulatory schemes, Penn State Environmental Law Review 19:313.
4 Sacchelli, S., S. Fabbrizzi, and S. Menghini. 2016. Climate change effects and adaptation strategies in the wine sector: A quantitative literature review, Wine Economics and Policy 5:115.
5 Mozell, M. R. and L. Thach. 2014. The impact of climate change on the global wine industry: Challenges & solutions, Wine Economics and Policy 3:83.
6 Id. at 84.
7 Barriger, L. 2011. Global warming and viticulture: The ability of wine regions to adapt in differing regulatory schemes, Penn State Environmental Law Review 19 (7):326.
8 Cunningham, K. 2009b. Grapes of wrath? How the United States can reduce the negative effects of winery wastewater, Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy 20:226.
9 Mozell, M. R., and L. Thach. 2014. The impact of climate change on the global wine industry: Challenges & solutions, Wine Economics and Policy 3:85.
10 Pollans, M., J. Czarnezki, and S. Main. 2019a. In The Oxford handbook of comparative environmental law: Eco-labeling, ed. E. Lees and J. E. Viñuales, 997.
11 Id. at 998.
12 Czarnezki, J. J. and K. Fiedler. 2016. The neoliberal turn in environmental regulation, Utah Law Review 37:8.
13 Pollans, M., J. Czarnezki, and S. Main. 2019b. The Oxford handbook of comparative environmental law: Eco-labeling, ed. E. Lees and J. E. Viñuales, 999.
14 Id. at 1000.
15 Id. at 1002.
16 Id. at 1004.
17 Id. at 1005.
18 Id. at 1006.
19 Id. at 1007.
20 Vandenbergh, M. P. and A. C. Steinemann. 2007. The carbon-neutral individual, New York University Law Review 82:1732.
21 Pollans, M., J. Czarnezki, and S. Main. 2019c. The Oxford handbook of comparative environmental law: Eco-labeling, ed. E. Lees and J. E. Viñuales, 1008.
22 Id. at 1009.
23 Id. at 1011.
24 Id. at 1012.
25 Thomas Rosch, J. 2008. Responsible green marketing, FTC Report. Accessed December 1, 2020. http://www.ftc.Gov/speeches/rosch/o8o6i8greenmarketing.pdf.
26 Pollans, M., J. Czarnezki, and S. Main. 2019d. The Oxford handbook of comparative environmental law: Eco-labeling, ed. E. Lees and J. E. Viñuales, 1012.
27 Vine Balance Program History. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. http://www.vinebalance.com/program_history.php.
28 Vine Balance New York Guide to Sustainable Viticulture Practices. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. http://www.vinebalance.com/.
29 Vine Balance New York Guide to Sustainable Viticulture Practices. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. http://www.vinebalance.com/.
30 Vine Balance About the Workbook. Accessed November 15, 2020. http://www.vinebalance.com/about_workbook.php.
31 Balance Action Plans. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. http://www.vinebalance.com/action_plans.php.
32 Washington Winegrowers. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://www.sustainablewineandgrape.org/.
33 About. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://www.sustainablewineandgrape.org/Splash/About/tabid/186/Default.aspx.
34 Program Benefits. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://www.sustainablewineandgrape.org/Splash/ProgramBenefits/tabid/187/Default.aspx.
35 Our Farming Practices Shannon Ridge Farm and Vineyard. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://shannonridge.com/farming-practices/.
36 Our Farming Practices Shannon Ridge Farm and Vineyard. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://shannonridge.com/farming-practices/.
37 Our History Lake County Wine. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://shannonridge.com/our-history/.
38 Our Farming Practices Shannon Ridge Farm and Vineyard. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://shannonridge.com/farming-practices/.
39 Our Farming Practices Shannon Ridge Farm and Vineyard. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://shannonridge.com/farming-practices/.
40 Our History Lake County Wine. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://shannonridge.com/our-history/.
41 Certified Naturally Grown. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://www.cngfarming.org/.
42 Inspection Guidelines. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://www.cngfarming.org/guidelines.
43 Inspection Guidelines. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://www.cngfarming.org/guidelines.
44 Who We Are. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://www.cngfarming.org/who_we_are.
45 Certification Types. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://www.cngfarming.org/certifications.
46 Produce and Flowers Certification. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://www.cngfarming.org/produce.
47 Apiary Certification. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020.https://www.cngfarming.org/apiary.
48 Livestock Certification. 2020. https://www.cngfarming.org/livestock.
49 Aquaponic Produce Certification. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://www.cngfarming.org/aquaponics.
50 Mushroom Certification. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://www.cngfarming.org/mushrooms.
51 Inspection Guidelines. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://www.cngfarming.org/guidelines.
52 Demeter USA. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://www.demeter-usa.org/.
53 Demeter USA. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://www.demeter-usa.org/.
54 Demeter biodynamic Certification. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://www.demeter-usa.org/certification/.
55 Biodynamic Certification Marks. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://www.demeter-usa.org/about-demeter/biodynamic-certification-marks.asp.
56 Demeter Mission. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://www.demeter-usa.org/about-demeter/.
57 Demeter Mission. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://www.demeter-usa.org/about-demeter/.
58 Standards LIVE. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://livecertified.org/standards.
59 LIVE Supporting Environmental and Social Responsible Winegrowing. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://livecertified.org/.
60 Standards LIVE. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://livecertified.org/standards.
61 Training LIVE. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://livecertified.org/training.
62 Apply for Certification LODI Growers. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://www.lodigrowers.com/sustainable-viticulture-practices/.
63 Apply for Certification LODI Growers. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://www.lodigrowers.com/sustainable-viticulture-practices/.
64 What is LODI Rules. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://www.lodigrowers.com/certification/.
65 Grower resources LODI Growers. https://www.lodigrowers.com/standards/.
66 CSWA Brochure. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/project_pages/CSSI/August%20meeting/CSWA_Brochure%202010.pdf.
67 CSWA Brochure. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/project_pages/CSSI/August%20meeting/CSWA_Brochure%202010.pdf.
68 National Organic Program. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://www.ams.usda.gov/about-ams/programs-offices/national-organic-program.
69 Puszka, R. 2020a. Reds, whites, and sulfites: Examining different organic wine regulation practices in the United States and the European Union, Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business 40:254.
70 Organic 101: Organic Wine. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2013/01/08/organic-101-organic-wine.
71 Puszka, R. 2020b. Reds, whites, and sulfites: Examining different organic wine regulation practices in the United States and the European Union, Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business 40:255.
72 Puszka, R. 2020c. Reds, whites, and sulfites: Examining different organic wine regulation practices in the United States and the European Union, Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business 40:268.
73 Puszka, R. 2020d. Reds, whites, and sulfites: Examining different organic wine regulation practices in the United States and the European Union, Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business 40:259.
74 Puszka, R. 2020e. Reds, whites, and sulfites: Examining different organic wine regulation practices in the United States and the European Union, Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business 40:260.
75 Organic 101: Five Steps to Organic Certification. 2020. Accessed November 15, 2020. https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2012/10/10/organic-101-five-steps-organic-certification.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Stephanie Sioufas
Stephanie Sioufas will graduate from the Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University in 2022 with an Advanced Certificate in Environmental Law and a concentration in Financial Compliance. She currently holds a B.A. in Managerial Economics from Union College. Stephanie was the winner of the New York Bar Association’s Environmental & Energy Law Section 2021 Professor William R. Ginsberg Memorial Essay Contest. Following law school, Stephanie will continue to persue her MBA at the NYU Stern School of Business focusing on corporate sustainability (Linked In: https://www.linkedin.com/in/stephanie-sioufas/).