ZnAl₂O₄ Nanoparticles as Efficient and Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of 12-phenyl-8,12-dihydro-8,10-dimethyl-9H-naphtho[1′,2′:5,6] pyrano[2,3-d] pyrimidine-9,11-(10H)-diones Under Microwave Irradiation

ABSTRACT

A simple and one-pot synthesis of naphthopyranopyrimidines is reported by the three-component condensation reaction of aldehydes, β-naphthol, and 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid using ZnAl₂O₄ nanoparticles under microwave irradiation. This flexible and nano-catalytic procedure showed good recyclability and provides a clean condensation reaction in a short reaction time.

KEYWORDS:

• Heterogeneous catalyst
• microwave irradiation
• naphthopyranopyrimidines
• three-component reaction
• ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge a reviewer who provided helpful insights.

Funding

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of this work by the Research Affairs Office of Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Qom, I. R. Iran.