Unexplored Potential of Polyaniline Embedded Barium Chloride Nanocomposite in the Synthesis of Styrylquinoxalin-2(1H)-Ones

Abstract

Barium chloride embedded polyaniline (Ba/PANI) nanocomposite has been utilized as a heterogeneous nanaocatalyst towards synthesis of biologically active styrylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones in excellent yields. The results showed that Ba/PANI nanocatalyst offered notably higher catalytic activity compared to both BaCl₂ and PANI and was easily recoverable and reusable. The synthesized barium containing nanocomposite has been characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, HR-TEM, EDX, ICP-MS, UV–Vis, TGA, N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms (BET), and XPS techniques. TEM analysis confirmed the average grain size of BaCl₂ nanoparticles in the composite to be 13–14 nm. BET analysis affirmed mesoporous structure of Ba/PANI nanocomposite which played an important role in its catalytic efficiency. Both XRD and HRTEM findings disclosed polycrystalline nature of the nanocomposite. ICP-MS analysis confirmed 22.51 wt% of Ba loaded on PANI.

Keywords:

• Ba/PANI nanocomposite
• polyaniline
• quinoxalin-2(1H)-one
• styrylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu for providing all necessary facilities and Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi for NMR facility under PURSE. Authors are thankful to University of Jammu for providing funds under RUSA 2.0. Authors are grateful to Dr. Manmohan Kapur, (IISER Bhopal) for valuable discussion and University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, for the award of Junior Research Fellowship (LD).

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.