Photocatalytic Synthesis of Quinazolinone Derivatives as Mediated by Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) Nanoparticles Greenly Synthesised via Citrus limon Juice

Abstract

In this study, we focused on the ultrasonic synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles via a green chemistry process using Citrus limon (lemon) juice. XRD diffractograms and Raman spectroscopy revealed the anatase structure of TiO₂, SEM analysis showed nanometric particle sizes, and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the synthesized nanoparticles. The catalytic performance of the biosynthesised nanoparticles was evaluated for the synthesis of sulphur-substituted quinazolinone derivatives under UV irradiation. The final products were achieved in 6–8 h with good yields (79–91%).

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Ultrasonic
• green synthesis
• Citrus limon juice
• titanium dioxide
• nanoparticles
• quinazolinone

Acknowledgment

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number [IF-PSAU-2021/01/18174].

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number [IF-PSAU-2021/01/18174].