RSM-based sensitivity analysis of hybrid nanofluid in an enclosure filled with non-Darcy porous medium by using LBM method

Abstract

The emphasis of this study is the numerical analysis via D2Q9-based Lattice Boltzmann Method of free convection MHD non-Darcy flow in hybrid nanofluid (TiO₂/Cu–water) occupying a differentially heated square enclosure. A key novelty of the work is the inclusion of a response surface methodology (RSM)-based sensitivity analysis. The current investigation has been done considering the variation in Rayleigh number (10³ ≤ Ra ≤ 10⁶), Darcy number (0.0001 ≤ Da ≤ 0.1), and Hartmann number (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 50). From RSM, high Darcy parameter, low volumetric fraction, and low Hartmann number are identified as the optimum functioning conditions for heat transfer rates.

Keywords:

• Heat transfer
• hybrid nanofluid
• lattice Boltzmann method
• magnetic field
• porous medium
• sensitivity analysis

Acknowledgment

The authors are grateful to both reviewers for their comments which have served to improve the clarity of the article.