Publication Cover
Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications
An International Journal of Computation and Methodology
Volume 17, 1990 - Issue 1
73
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Original Articles

WELD POOL CONVECTION AND EXPANSION DUE TO DENSITY VARIATIONS

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Pages 73-89 | Received 15 Aug 1988, Accepted 21 Apr 1989, Published online: 27 Apr 2007
 

Abstract

Natural convection and volume expansion can occur in a weld pool due to density variations caused by the heat input during welding. In the present study a steady-state, two-dimensional model of heat transfer and fluid flow incorporating density variations was developed, and three different cases were studied: (1) no volume expansion, (2) volume expansion due to the density variation caused by superheating, and (3) volume expansion due to the density variation caused by both melting and superheating. The effect of weld pool expansion on the resultant weld depth/width ratio was demonstrated, and a simple experiment was conducted using wax to provide evidence for volume expansion due to density variation caused by melting.

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