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Abstract
A comprehensive model for the complete second-law analysis of a diesel engine has been developed. The model incorporates formulations for zero-dimensional estimation of the convective and radiative heat transfers in the engine cylinder. Models for the valve flow and manifold gas dynamics are also included in order to estimate the second-law losses. The results obtained help identify the engine processes where irreversible losses occur and the magnitudes of these losses relative to the work output. For example, at 2000 rpm and 0.7 overall fuel/air equivalence ratio, the indicated work for the single-cylinder engine simulated in this study is 49% of the fuel exergy. The loss due to irreversibilities is 27.6%, of which 14.8% is due to throttling loss in the exhaust valve, 9.3% is due to combustion irreversibilities, and the remainder is due to throttling toss in the intake valve.