Significance of Hall current and Ion slip in a three-dimensional Maxwell nanofluid flow over rotating disk with variable characteristics and gyrotactic microorganisms

Abstract

In varied practical situations, the assumption of constant values are considered for approximations or simplifications to make computations more adaptable. Nevertheless, when there is a requirement for precision, accuracy, and exact results, the consideration of variable characteristics becomes essential. Considering the same, the article’s uniqueness lies in studying variable thermal conductivity, variable viscosity, and variable mass diffusivity as governing factors. This study analyzes the movement of a three-dimensional Maxwell nanofluid across a rotating deformable disk deliberating the Hall current and Ion slip impact. In addition, the analysis seeks to boost the stability of the nanofluid flow by incorporating the impact of bio-convection. The velocity slip and convective constraints are enforced at the boundary. The Von Karman transformations are engaged, and accordingly, a numerical solution is computed. Graphical illustrations are used to highlight the significant effects of the problem. The findings revealed that the fluid velocity decreases in both the azimuthal and radial directions for different estimations of the variable viscosity and Deborah number. Additionally, the fluid velocities in the azimuthal and radial directions exhibit opposite trends for Hall current and Ion slip. The endorsement of the presented results is also provided in this study.

Keywords:

• Gyrotactic microorganism
• Hall current and Ion-slip
• Maxwell nanofluid
• rotating disk
• variable molecular mass diffusion
• variable viscosity and thermal conductivity (temperature-dependent)

Author contribution statement

M.R. supervised and considered the idea; J.A. wrote the manuscript; A.M.S. worked on the software; S.K., and C.A.S., helped in editing, and validation.

Acknowledgments

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through large group Research Project under grant number:RGP2/567/44..

Disclosure statement of interests

The authors state that they have no known competing financial interests or personal ties that could appear to have influenced the work described in this study.