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ABSTRACT
Currently, analysis of various human body fluids is one of the most essential and promising approaches to enable the discovery of biomarkers or pathophysiological mechanisms for disorders and diseases. Analysis of these fluids is challenging due to their complex composition and unique characteristics. Development of new analytical methods in this field has made it possible to analyze body fluids with higher selectivity, sensitivity, and precision. The composition and concentration of analytes in body fluids are most often determined by chromatography-based techniques. There is no doubt that proper use of knowledge that comes from a better understanding of the role of body fluids requires the cooperation of scientists of diverse specializations, including analytical chemists, biologists, and physicians. This article summarizes current knowledge about the application of different chromatographic methods in analyses of a wide range of compounds in human body fluids in order to diagnose certain diseases and disorders.
Keywords:
Abbreviations
| AD | = | Alzheimer's disease |
| ALT | = | alanine aminotransferase |
| AST | = | aspartate aminotransferase |
| AQ | = | quality assurance |
| AUC | = | area under the curve |
| BC | = | bladder cancer |
| BE | = | cocaine-benzoylecgonine |
| BHMT | = | betaine homocysteine methyltransferase |
| BMI | = | body mass index |
| CDBS | = | capillary dried blood spot |
| CHD | = | congenital heart disease |
| CNS | = | central nervous system |
| CLP | = | Clopidogrel |
| CSF | = | cerebrospinal fluid |
| DAD | = | diode-array detector |
| DBS | = | dry blood spot |
| DHA | = | docosahexaenoic acid |
| DMG | = | dimethylglycine |
| EI-MS | = | electron impact ionization-mass spectrometry |
| EME | = | ecgonine methyl ester |
| FFA | = | free fatty acid(s) |
| GC | = | gas chromatography |
| GC-MS | = | gas chromatography-mass spectrometry |
| GC-MS/MS | = | gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry |
| GC-TOF/MS | = | gas chromatography-time-of-flight/mass spect-rometry |
| HCC | = | hepatocellular carcinoma |
| HCY | = | homocysteine |
| HPLC | = | high-performance liquid chromatography |
| HPLC-LIF | = | high-performance liquid chromatography-laser induced fluorescence |
| HPLC-MS | = | high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry |
| HVA | = | homovanillic acid |
| IC | = | ion chromatography |
| IEM | = | inborn errors of metabolism |
| LC | = | liquid chromatography |
| LC-MS | = | liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry |
| LC-MS/MS | = | liquid chromatography-tandem mass spect-rometry |
| LMC | = | low-molecular-weight compounds |
| MEHP | = | mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate |
| MMA | = | methylmalonic acid |
| MRM | = | multiple reaction monitoring |
| Mtd | = | methadone |
| MW | = | molecular weight |
| NFT | = | neurofibrillary tangles |
| OPLS-DA | = | orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis |
| PA | = | pyridoxic acid |
| PL | = | pyridoxal |
| PLP | = | pyridoxal phosphate |
| PM | = | pyridoxamine |
| PSA | = | prostate specific antigen |
| QC | = | quality control |
| RIA | = | radioimmunoassay |
| ROC | = | reactive oxygen species |
| SAH | = | S-adenosylhomocysteine |
| SAM | = | S-adenosylmethionine |
| SPME-GC-HRMS | = | solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry |
| SPME-HPLC-MS/MS | = | solid phase microextraction-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spect-rometry |
| UPLC | = | ultra-performance liquid chromatography |
| UPLC-MS | = | ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry |
| UPLC-QTOFMS | = | ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry |
| UV | = | ultraviolet |
| VAD | = | vitamin A deficiency |
| VC | = | capillary serum |
| VDBS | = | venous dried blood spot |
| VMA | = | vanillylmandelic acid |
| VS | = | venous serum |
| WC | = | waist circumference |
| WHO | = | World Health Organization |