Analytical Methods for Metformin Estimation

ABSTRACT

Metformin is a widely prescribed oral anti-hyperglycemic agent used in the management of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or type II diabetes. This article accentuates various analytical methods viz. HPLC, HPTLC, spectrophotometric, electrochemical, capillary electrophoresis and LC–MS for the estimation of metformin in pharmaceutical formulations and in biological matrices.

KEYWORDS:

• Metformin
• analytical methods
• pharmaceutical formulations
• biological matrices

Abbreviations

APCI–MS	=	Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization- mass spectrometry
BCS	=	Biopharmaceutics classification system
CE	=	Capillary electrophoresis
CPE	=	Carbon paste electrode
CZE	=	Capillary zone electrophoresis
Da	=	Dalton
DAD	=	Diode array detector
DPV	=	Diffrential pulse voltammetry
EC	=	Electrochemical
ESI–MS	=	Electrospray ionization- mass spectrometry
HCl	=	Hydrochloride
HPLC	=	High performance liquid chromatography
HPTLC	=	High performance thin layer chromatography
IR	=	Immediate release
LC–MS	=	Liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry
LDTD–MS	=	Laser diode thermal desorption- mass spectrometry
LLOQ	=	Lower limit of quantification
LOD	=	Limit of detection
LOQ	=	Limit of quantification
LSV	=	Linear sweep voltammetry
MET	=	Metformin
MF-RE	=	Metformin reineckate
MF-TSA	=	Metformin tungstosilicate
MP	=	Mobile phase
MRM–MS	=	Multiple reaction monitoring- mass spectrometry
MWCNTPE	=	Multi walled carbon nanotube paste electrode
NIDDM	=	Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
PDA	=	Photo diode array
PVC	=	Polyvinyl chloride
Rf	=	Retention factor
SRM	=	Selected reaction monitoring
SWV	=	Square wave voltammetry
UV	=	Ultraviolet

Conflict of interest

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgments

Authors are thankful to Vice Chancellor, Banasthali University, Banasthali, India, for providing encouragement and library facilities to carry out this work.