Analytical and Bioanalytical Techniques for the Quantification of the Calcium Channel Blocker – Amlodipine: A Critical Review

Abstract

Hypertension is a condition in which blood pressure is elevated to an extent where benefit is obtained from blood pressure lowering. The risk of complications is proportional to the level that blood pressure raises. Calcium channel blockers are a class of compounds used in the treatment of hypertension. The dihydropyridine (DHP) group, a subclass of the calcium channel blocker works almost exclusively on L-type calcium channels in the peripheral arterioles and reduce blood pressure by reducing total peripheral resistant. Long acting DHP is preferred because they are more convenient for patients and avoid the large fluctuations in plasma drug concentration which are associated with side effects. Amlodipine is the most distinct DHP and the most popular. The drug was patented in the year 1986 and its commercial sale began by 1990. The current article provides a state of art about the analytical and bioanalytical techniques available for the quantification of drug as a single entity and in combined pharmaceutical formulations between 1989 and 2019.

Keywords:

• Amlodipine
• bioanalytical methods
• calcium channel blocker
• hypertension
• pharmaceutical formulations
• review

Acknowledgment

The authors are grateful to The Chancellor, SRM Institute of Science and Technology and the management of SRM College of Pharmacy, Kattankulathur for providing various reprographic sources for executing this review article.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.