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Research Article

Biochemistry and Clinical Role of Trypsinogens and Pancreatic Secretory Trypsin Inhibitor

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Pages 103-142 | Published online: 10 Oct 2008
 

Abstract

Trypsinogens and PSTI/TATI/SPINK1 are expressed, usually together, at high levels by the pancreas but also by many other normal and malignant tissues. The present review describes studies on the expression and putative functions of trypsinogens and PSTI/TATI/SPINK1 in the human body. The clinical aspects are discussed, including the correlations between expression of trypsinogens and PSTI/TATI/SPINK1 in tissues, serum, and urine of patients with pancreatitis or cancer and clinicopathological characteristics, i.e., the roles of trypsinogens and PSTI/TATI/SPINK1 in spontaneous and hereditary pancreatitis, tumor progression, and prognosis.

Abbreviations
AAT=

α1-antitrypsin

A2M=

α2-macroglobulin

AFP=

α-fetoprotein

API=

α1-proteinase inhibitor

CA 19-9=

cancer antigen 19-9

CEA=

carcinoembryonic antigen

CRP=

C-reactive protein

ECM=

extracellular matrix

EGF=

epidermal growth factor

ERCP=

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

hCGβ=

human chorionic gonadotropin β subunit

hK2=

human kallikrein-2

HUGO=

Human Genome Organization

IL=

interleukin

MMP=

matrix metalloproteinase

NSE=

neuron-specific enolase

PAR-2=

proteinase-activated receptor-2

prouPA=

prourokinase-type plasminogen activator

PRSS=

protease serine

PSA=

prostate-specific antigen

PSTI=

pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor

RCC=

renal cell cancer

RT-PCR=

reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction

SCC=

squamous cell carcinoma

SDS-PAGE=

sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

SPINK1=

serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1

TAT=

tumor-associated trypsinogen

TATI=

tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor

TGF-α=

transforming growth factor-α

TNF-α=

tumor necrosis factor-α

TNM=

tumor-node-metastasis

TPA=

tissue polypeptide antigen.

Abbreviations
AAT=

α1-antitrypsin

A2M=

α2-macroglobulin

AFP=

α-fetoprotein

API=

α1-proteinase inhibitor

CA 19-9=

cancer antigen 19-9

CEA=

carcinoembryonic antigen

CRP=

C-reactive protein

ECM=

extracellular matrix

EGF=

epidermal growth factor

ERCP=

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

hCGβ=

human chorionic gonadotropin β subunit

hK2=

human kallikrein-2

HUGO=

Human Genome Organization

IL=

interleukin

MMP=

matrix metalloproteinase

NSE=

neuron-specific enolase

PAR-2=

proteinase-activated receptor-2

prouPA=

prourokinase-type plasminogen activator

PRSS=

protease serine

PSA=

prostate-specific antigen

PSTI=

pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor

RCC=

renal cell cancer

RT-PCR=

reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction

SCC=

squamous cell carcinoma

SDS-PAGE=

sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

SPINK1=

serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1

TAT=

tumor-associated trypsinogen

TATI=

tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor

TGF-α=

transforming growth factor-α

TNF-α=

tumor necrosis factor-α

TNM=

tumor-node-metastasis

TPA=

tissue polypeptide antigen.

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