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Abstract
Our understanding of the tumor microenvironment continues to evolve and allows for the identification of biomarkers that should detect the presence of early stage malignancies. Recent advances in computational analysis and biomedical technologies have come together to elucidate signatures associated with cancer and that are capable of identifying unique tumor-specific proteins. Within the tumor microenvironment, we continue to characterize the proteophysiology of the different steps associated with tumor progression. The urgent need for biomarkers accurately detecting early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer has prompted us, and others, to engage in a search for specific peptide signatures that may discriminate transformed cells from those of the normal ovarian microenvironment. This endeavor also provides new insights into the biology of the disease, which may not only be applicable to detection but may also help to initiate new therapies and optimize patient care.
| Abbreviations: | ||
| CEA, | = | carcinoembryonic antigen; |
| CM, | = | composite marker; |
| 2D-PAGE, | = | two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; |
| DIGE, | = | difference gel electrophoresis; |
| EGF, | = | epidermal growth factor; |
| ELISA, | = | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; |
| EMILIN, | = | elastin microfibril interphase-located protein; |
| EOC, | = | epithelial ovarian carcinoma; |
| ERK, | = | extracellular signal-regulated kinase; |
| hCG, | = | human chorionic gonadotrophin; |
| HK, | = | human kallikrein; |
| HPLC, | = | high-performance liquid chromatography; |
| HUPO, | = | international human proteome organization; |
| ICAT, | = | isotope-coded affinity tags; |
| IL, | = | interleukin; |
| IMAC, | = | immobilized metal affinity chromatography; |
| LCM, | = | laser capture microdissection; |
| LMW, | = | low-molecular weight; |
| LPA, | = | lysophosphatidic acid; |
| MALDI, | = | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization; |
| MCP, | = | monocyte chemoattractant protein; |
| M-CSF, | = | macrophage colony-stimulating factor; |
| MDA, | = | mixture discriminant analysis; |
| MEK, | = | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; |
| MES, | = | mesothelin; |
| MS, | = | mass spectrometry; |
| MUC, | = | mucin; |
| Mud-PIT, | = | multidimensional protein identification technology; |
| OPN, | = | osteopontin; |
| OTOF, | = | orthogonal time of flight; |
| PPP, | = | plasma proteome project; |
| PSA, | = | prostate specific antigen; |
| RAF, | = | a murine leukemia viral oncogene; |
| RCA, | = | rolling circle amplification; |
| RDPA, | = | recursive-descent partition analysis; |
| RPA, | = | reverse-phase array; |
| RT-PCR, | = | reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction; |
| SAA1, | = | serum amyloid A1; |
| sEGFR, | = | soluble epidermal growth factor receptor; |
| SELDI, | = | surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization; |
| SILAC, | = | stable-isotope labeling of amino acids in culture; |
| SMR, | = | soluble mesothelin-related; |
| TOF, | = | time of flight; |
| VEGF, | = | vascular endothelial growth factor. |
| Abbreviations: | ||
| CEA, | = | carcinoembryonic antigen; |
| CM, | = | composite marker; |
| 2D-PAGE, | = | two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; |
| DIGE, | = | difference gel electrophoresis; |
| EGF, | = | epidermal growth factor; |
| ELISA, | = | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; |
| EMILIN, | = | elastin microfibril interphase-located protein; |
| EOC, | = | epithelial ovarian carcinoma; |
| ERK, | = | extracellular signal-regulated kinase; |
| hCG, | = | human chorionic gonadotrophin; |
| HK, | = | human kallikrein; |
| HPLC, | = | high-performance liquid chromatography; |
| HUPO, | = | international human proteome organization; |
| ICAT, | = | isotope-coded affinity tags; |
| IL, | = | interleukin; |
| IMAC, | = | immobilized metal affinity chromatography; |
| LCM, | = | laser capture microdissection; |
| LMW, | = | low-molecular weight; |
| LPA, | = | lysophosphatidic acid; |
| MALDI, | = | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization; |
| MCP, | = | monocyte chemoattractant protein; |
| M-CSF, | = | macrophage colony-stimulating factor; |
| MDA, | = | mixture discriminant analysis; |
| MEK, | = | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; |
| MES, | = | mesothelin; |
| MS, | = | mass spectrometry; |
| MUC, | = | mucin; |
| Mud-PIT, | = | multidimensional protein identification technology; |
| OPN, | = | osteopontin; |
| OTOF, | = | orthogonal time of flight; |
| PPP, | = | plasma proteome project; |
| PSA, | = | prostate specific antigen; |
| RAF, | = | a murine leukemia viral oncogene; |
| RCA, | = | rolling circle amplification; |
| RDPA, | = | recursive-descent partition analysis; |
| RPA, | = | reverse-phase array; |
| RT-PCR, | = | reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction; |
| SAA1, | = | serum amyloid A1; |
| sEGFR, | = | soluble epidermal growth factor receptor; |
| SELDI, | = | surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization; |
| SILAC, | = | stable-isotope labeling of amino acids in culture; |
| SMR, | = | soluble mesothelin-related; |
| TOF, | = | time of flight; |
| VEGF, | = | vascular endothelial growth factor. |