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Review Article

Capillary blood for point-of-care testing

Ruihua TangSchool of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China; ;Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China; ;Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China; ;College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China; View further author information

Hui YangSchool of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China; ;Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China; Correspondence[email protected]
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Jane Ru ChoiBioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China; View further author information

Yan GongBioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China; ;The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China; ;Xi’an Diandi Biotech Company, Xi’an, P.R. China; View further author information

MinLi YouBioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China; ;The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China; View further author information

Ting WenXi’an Diandi Biotech Company, Xi’an, P.R. China; View further author information

Ang LiKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China; View further author information

XiuJun LiDepartment of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA; View further author information

Bo XuSchool of Finance and Economics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. ChinaView further author information

Sufeng ZhangCollege of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China; View further author information

Qibing MeiSchool of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China; ;Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China; View further author information

Feng XuBioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China; ;The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China; Correspondence[email protected]
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Abstract

Clinically, blood sample analysis has been widely used for health monitoring. In hospitals, arterial and venous blood are utilized to detect various disease biomarkers. However, collection methods are invasive, painful, may result in injury and contamination, and skilled workers are required, making these methods unsuitable for use in a resource-limited setting. In contrast, capillary blood is easily collected by a minimally invasive procedure and has excellent potential for use in point-of-care (POC) health monitoring. In this review, we first discuss the differences among arterial blood, venous blood, and capillary blood in terms of the puncture sites, components, sample volume, collection methods, and application areas. Additionally, we review the most recent advances in capillary blood-based commercial products and microfluidic instruments for various applications. We also compare the accuracy of microfluidic-based testing with that of laboratory-based testing for capillary blood-based disease diagnosis at the POC. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives for developing capillary blood-based POC instruments.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (11472224, 11672246), the Major International Joint Research Program of China (11120101002), the International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (2013DFG02930), and the National Instrumentation Program (No. 2013YQ190467).

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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