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ABSTRACT
Biotechnology embraces various physical and chemical phenomena toward advancement of health diagnostics. Toward such advancement, detection of toxins plays an important role. Toxins produce severe health impacts on consumption with high mortality associated in acute cases. The most prominent route of infection and intoxication is through food matrices. Therefore, rapid detection of toxins at low concentrations is the need of modern diagnostics. Lateral flow immunoassays are one of the emergent and popularly used rapid detection technology developed for detecting various kinds of analytes. This review thus focuses on recent advancements in lateral flow immunoassays for detecting different toxins in agricultural food. Appropriate emphasis was given on how the labels, recognition elements, or detection strategy has laid an impact on improvement in immunochromatographic assays for toxins. The paper also discusses the gradual change in sensitivities and specificities of assays in accordance with the method of food processing used. The review concludes with the major challenges faced by this technology and provides an outlook and insight of ideas to improve it in the future.
Declaration of interest
It is hereby declared that authors have no conflicts of interest.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Ministry of Human Resource and Development (MHRD) and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for their valuable support.
Funding
The financial support received form DST-SERB, India (SB/YS/LS-261/2013) to develop multiplex lateral flow immunoassay for bacterial toxins is gratefully acknowledged. The review is written while carrying out this project work.