Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oils of Psidium guajava fruits and leaves

Abstract

Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) has been used traditionally against gastrointestinal disturbances and respiratory ailments. The chemical composition of the essential oil of both leaves and fruits were elucidated by gas–liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (GLC/MS). Forty-five and forty-two compounds, accounting for 93.7% and 89.7% of the fruit and leaf oil, were identified, respectively. The dominant compounds were β-caryophyllene (17.6%) and limonene (11.0%) for the fruit oil and β-caryophyllene (16.9%) and selin-7(11)-en-4α-ol (8.3%) for the leaf oil. The radical scavenging activities of both essential oils were assessed by the diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH^•) and deoxyribose degradation assays. Guava leaf oil reduced DPPH^• radicals and prevented the degradation of the deoxyribose with ic₅₀ values of 3.59 and 12.64 μg/mL. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the oils in HepG2 and MCF-7 carcinoma cells was examined using the SRB assay (ic₅₀ 32.53 and 49.76 μg/mL for the leaves and fruit oils against HepG2 cells). Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of both oils (ic₅₀ 130.69 and 196.45 μg/mL for the leaves and fruit oils). The anti-inflammatory activity was explained via virtual docking of the major identified compounds to the main sites in the 5-LOX crystal structure.

Keywords:

• Psidium guajava
• essential oil
• chemical composition
• biological activity
• cytotoxicity
• molecular docking

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Mr. Mohamed S. Abdalla, M.Sc., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University for his valuable help in carrying out the molecular modeling experiment.