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Ichnos
An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces
Volume 26, 2019 - Issue 4
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Original Articles

Obituary: Ron K. Pickerill (1947–2018)

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Ronald Kenneth Pickerill (), known to everyone as Ron, was born on 30 October 1947, in Stoke-on-Trent, England, and was a true son of the district known as the Potteries, made internationally famous by the ceramics industry (Royal Doulton, Wedgwood), by the novels of Arnold Bennett and by the skills of its greatest footballing progeny, Sir Stanley Matthews. Ron was himself a considerable football (soccer) talent, cricketer (England Schoolboys) and accomplished rock-band drummer. In his late teens, he was torn between ‘signing forms’ with his beloved Stoke City F.C., signing a record deal with EMI (the ‘Beatles’ label) or going to university. It was his mother’s wise head who argued convincingly that he should take the academic path.

Figure 1. Professor Ron Pickerill in 1983, on sabbatical leave at the University of Liverpool. Ron would write his papers longhand and then have them typed. An inspection of his published output (Appendix) affirms the effectiveness of this methodology. Image by S.K.D.

Figure 1. Professor Ron Pickerill in 1983, on sabbatical leave at the University of Liverpool. Ron would write his papers longhand and then have them typed. An inspection of his published output (Appendix) affirms the effectiveness of this methodology. Image by S.K.D.

Ron’s choice of university was Liverpool, where he excelled in the Department of Geology. He attained a first-class honors degree in geology in 1971 and was awarded the Department’s P.G.H. Boswell Prize in sedimentology. Ron stayed at Liverpool for his doctoral research under the supervision of Dr. Patrick J. Brenchley. Ron’s thesis, completed in the then quick time of three years, was entitled ‘Geology of the south Berwyn Hills, North Wales, with particular reference to Upper Ordovician marine benthic communities’ (Pickerill Citation1974). The Lower Palaeozoic of North Wales and the Berwyn Hills, in particular, were the first of three geographic regions in which Ron’s scholarly application made its mark.

Ron and Pat formed a strong student–supervisor team. Pat was a geologist with unusually broad interests in Lower Palaeozoic geology and who was the consummate field man (Donovan et al. Citation2011), features he shared with Ron. Pat’s friends will remember him for his smile, his wise council and his deep insight, which counterbalanced Ron’s sometimes more mercurial approach. There was a tale told in Liverpool of Ron and Pat appearing in ‘The Stag’s Head’, which was round the corner from the Department of Geology (but, sadly, since demolished), just after 5.00 p.m., opening time. One found a table, pulled out an A4 pad of paper and started to write; the other bought two pints of bitter. As they supped the first taste of bitter, the writer passed the pad on to the bringer of sustenance, who carried on the writing. Backward and forward the pad of paper went, more (and more) pints were bought (and consumed), and by closing time Ron and Pat had the first handwritten draft of a joint research paper.

Ron told another tale of those same times. The major Pickerill and Brenchley (Citation1979) examination of the paleoecology of the Caradoc of the Berwyn Hills received a critical review, by a referee who did not recognize their abilities as systematists, noting that they were neither a Whittington nor a Cooper. It was Pat who calmed the pugnacious Ron down when he wanted to ask the editor who the referee was referring to – was it Dick Whittington, the legendary Lord Mayor of London, and the boxer Henry Cooper?!

Ron at University of New Brunswick (UNB)

Ron came to the UNB in 1974, as successively Instructor (1974–1975), Lecturer (1975–1977), Assistant Professor (1977–1981), Associate Professor (1981–1985) and Professor (1985–2015). During his time at UNB, he supervised thirteen graduate students (four PhD and nine MSc) to completion. Ron also supervised five BSc (honours) theses. Most of these students produced theses on the sedimentary geology and ichnology of formations in eastern Canada or the northeastern USA. Notably, Ron’s first graduate student, the late Denis Fillion, received the 1985 award of the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists for the best thesis in Canadian sedimentary geology. Fillion’s thesis was the basis of a monograph on the ichnology of the Cambro-Ordovician Bell Island and Wabana groups of eastern Newfoundland (Fillion and Pickerill Citation1990) that remains a standard reference for ichnotaxonomists. Two of the authors of this obituary, D.G.K. and R.B.M., had the opportunity to carry out their PhD and BSc research, respectively, under Ron’s supervision. As a thesis supervisor, Ron was generous with his time, ideas and advice on achieving clarity in one’s writing. He did expect students to show initiative, and he could be blunt in his assessments of poor ideas or of good ideas poorly expressed. However, we both found Ron to be an encouraging advisor and a generous mentor who was willing to send off as many letters of reference as a job-hunting young scientist might need written.

In the classroom, Ron’s lectures were exceptionally well-organized and clearly delivered. One of us, R.B.M., was drawn into majoring in geology on the strength of Ron’s first-year geology lectures and into paleontology by Ron’s second-year lectures on that subject. In each case, circumstances had thrust Ron into teaching the courses at the last minute, and yet he managed to communicate clearly and engagingly the value and interest of his subject matter. In upper-year lecture courses, Ron could predictably be found chain smoking at the front of the classroom as he delivered his lectures from rather yellowed, but also regularly revised notes. Students in his third and fourth year courses would be offered the option of writing their final exam at the end of term or during the study break immediately before finals. Ron’s rationale was that this gave the students more control over the scheduling of their exam and left them with one less final to worry about during the official examination week.

Ron often taught field school. For example, he co-taught the field school for second-year students together with M.K.G. Ron’s field skills were excellent, and he was always keen to see students making correct measurements and sound observations. ‘Get your loupe [hand lens] out!’ Ron was an engaged field instructor. He would prowl up and down the outcrop encouraging or challenging students to identify fossils, ichnofossils and sedimentary structures. Ron never tired of finding a new trace fossil in the field, and his enthusiasm over a well-preserved specimen was never undiminished. The students loved that, knowing if they found something ‘cool’, Ron was going to be impressed and encouraging. Field schools were a special time for Ron. He loved being outside, and he really did enjoy social time with the students at ‘camp’.

It should not be overlooked what a helpful colleague Ron was. Although some were wary of his occasional gruffness, that could be a bit of a veneer. Ron absolutely welcomed colleagues into his office if they were there for one of two reasons, to discuss trace fossils and interesting sedimentary rocks or to talk about footie. One thing was certain, if Ron decided you were ‘okay’, you had a fiercely loyal friend for life. He was particularly engaged with young faculty and more than happy to show them the ropes, such as how to approach promotion at the university.

In addition to teaching and student supervision, Ron also served UNB in various administrative roles, both departmental and university wide. Notably, this included stints coordinating the graduate and undergraduate programs in the Department of Geology, two terms on the university Senate, and a year as acting Chair of the Department of Geology. He did confess that he undertook the latter role in part in hopes of inoculating himself against ever being asked to be Chair on a more permanent basis.

Ron and his research

Ron would sometimes say of geology, ‘It’s a good game’. Ron played the game in three main areas (see Appendix): the Ordovician of the Berwyn Hills, North Wales (see above); the Paleozoic (mainly Lower Paleozoic) of eastern Canada and contiguous areas; and the Cenozoic of the Antilles, particularly Jamaica and Carriacou.

When Ron arrived in Fredericton in 1974, he faced the question of where to focus his research. His PhD had dealt with both macrofossils and trace fossils, and he quickly discovered that eastern Canada offered excellent opportunities for research in the then relatively novel field of ichnology. His first publication in the field was a short paper on the use of ichnology in benthic paleoecology (Pickerill Citation1975), published in the local journal Maritime Sediments, a publication that soon would loom large in Ron’s professional life.

Ron’s early ichnological research in eastern Canada dealt mainly with strata in the province of Quebec, and particularly the region around Quebec City, an area that Ron would revisit regularly during his career, often working with W.H. Forbes or the late T.L. Harland. Over the course of his career, Ron would contribute to the ichnology of each of Canada’s Atlantic Provinces except Prince Edward Island, as well as the state of Maine. In so doing, he would cover essentially the entire Paleozoic, parts of the Mesozoic and even a few dashes into the Recent. Although much of his work was ichnotaxonomic, it nearly always was presented in ways that advance the understanding of the paleoecology or biostratigraphy of the units being studied, and Ron generally drew broader conclusions from these local studies. This breadth of interests also showed itself in Ron’s willingness to venture outside the field of ichnology.

One early, non-ichnological field of research was the geological evolution of northeastern Newfoundland, particularly the Carmanville area. This research was funded by the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) and saw Ron as the project expert for sedimentation and stratigraphy, augmenting the more ‘hard-rock’ expertise of the GSC’s Ken Currie and Ron’s new UNB colleague, George Pajari. These three would later turn their attention to the geology around Saint John, New Brunswick, leading to important revisions to the Cambrian lithostratigraphy of the region (Tanoli and Pickerill Citation1987, Citation1988, Citation1989).

In view of Ron’s strong focus on the ichnology and geology of Atlantic Canada, it was most appropriate that he was the 1996 recipient of the Gesner Medal. This award, given annually by the Atlantic Geoscience Society, is intended to honor researchers who have promoted the advancement of any field of earth science in the Atlantic and who in the process has made contributions that have had an impact beyond the immediate Atlantic Region.

During the early part of his career, Ron did not confine his research entirely to eastern North America; at various times, he produced or supervised contributions on the ichnology of formations in Greenland, Alaska and Spain. However, none of these more far-flung research areas would dominate his research to any degree. The Antilles were a different matter.

The Antillean region was a poorly known and almost completely ignored backwater for students of ichnology when Ron initiated the field of research. Reviews of the results of the ichnological research by Ron and colleagues in Jamaica has been presented elsewhere (Donovan et al. Citation2015; Donovan and Pickerill Citation2015; Donovan Citation2015). Ron first came to Jamaica in 1990, twice (), which led to three research papers, a happy start to a new project. The first Jamaican trace fossils research team, led by Ron, included S.K.D. and the late Hal Dixon (both University of the West Indies (UWI)), but several others soon became involved. Initially, the main focus was on the Paleogene flysch of the Richmond Formation, but soon progressed to the Neogene of the Coastal Group (). After S.K.D. left UWI, Donovan Blissett (UNB) studied the trace fossils of the mid-Cenozoic White Limestone Group under Ron’s supervision.

Figure 2. May 1990, the Jamaican spring rainy season. The figure on the other side of this tropical river in spate is Ron, who has just swum across to get a good look at the soles of the sandstone beds. When he swam back, he was quite matter-of-fact in saying there was little of interest. Neither S.K.D. nor Hal Dixon offered to swim with Ron. Image by S.K.D.

Figure 2. May 1990, the Jamaican spring rainy season. The figure on the other side of this tropical river in spate is Ron, who has just swum across to get a good look at the soles of the sandstone beds. When he swam back, he was quite matter-of-fact in saying there was little of interest. Neither S.K.D. nor Hal Dixon offered to swim with Ron. Image by S.K.D.

Figure 3. The collaboration between Ron and S.K.D. extended out of the Antilles and into the Silurian of North America in the mid-1990s. Spring, 1994, the North Central regional meeting of the Geological Society of America and a field excursion to the Silurian of the huge Thornton Quarry in Illinois. Attendees were told to anticipate mild spring weather, but the expression on Ron’s face (right) tells the truth of the tale. Image by S.K.D.

Figure 3. The collaboration between Ron and S.K.D. extended out of the Antilles and into the Silurian of North America in the mid-1990s. Spring, 1994, the North Central regional meeting of the Geological Society of America and a field excursion to the Silurian of the huge Thornton Quarry in Illinois. Attendees were told to anticipate mild spring weather, but the expression on Ron’s face (right) tells the truth of the tale. Image by S.K.D.

The Pickerill et al. research group did extend their researches to one other island, Carriacou in the Grenadines chain, Lesser Antilles. This followed the discovery of the first deep-water Zoophycos burrow from the region (Donovan and Harper Citation1999), which led to a general study of the Grand Bay Formation – sedimentology, paleontology, ichnology and geochemistry. The suite of autochthonous burrows and trails are indicative of the deeper water depositional environment, supplemented by bored clasts derived from shallower water. These and other data disproved interpretations of the Grand Bay Formation as a beach deposit.

In all of Ron’s ichnological research, a recurring theme was the importance of careful ichnotaxonomy. Ron was one of the stalwarts who helped ichnology move beyond the chaos born out of the discipline’s confused origins, the taxonomic carelessness of some of its practitioners and the haphazard handling of the discipline by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. His book chapter on ‘Nomenclature and taxonomy of invertebrate trace fossils’ (Pickerill, Citation1994) remains an excellent summary of the procedures of ichnotaxonomy, informed by what then was two decades of Ron’s careful work.

Ron as a journal editor

Reviewing and editing scientific manuscripts is an art form and is based on effective balancing of correct spelling and grammar, being able to judge the scientific components, being familiar with the literature, and the judicial use of balancing one’s own view with the conclusions of the author and how the manuscript is written. A well-edited manuscript is one in which spelling errors, grammatical errors and typos have been corrected; changes and suggestions have been made to help improve clarity, flow, structure and readability; revisions are tracked so that you can see and review all the changes that have been made; formatting of citations and references follows your target journal's guidelines; comments point out problems and suggestions about how to solve them; and a short summary of the work that has been done and any major concerns. This may be the most difficult aspect of the job and the one at which most editors fail. Rather, they tend to try and change the authors writing style to read more like their own.

Ron’s first experience as an editor came in 1981, when he and George Pajari took over the editing of the struggling local journal, Maritime Sediments. Originally founded to publish informal reports on sedimentology research in eastern Canada, the journal had nearly run its course as the 1980s began. Ron and George made two crucial changes. First, they explicitly broadened the scope of the journal to include all aspects of earth science on both sides of the North Atlantic, a change reflected in the journal’s new name, Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology. Second, they moved the journal into the world of formal peer review. Ron would continue to co-edit the journal until 2008, including another change in name, to Atlantic Geology, in 1989. Under that name, the journal continues to this day as the vigorous flagship publication of the Atlantic Geoscience Society. When Ron was awarded the Atlantic Geoscience Society’s Distinguished Service Award in 2005, his editorial contributions must have loomed large.

In 1990, Robert Frey and George Pemberton co-founded and co-edited Ichnos – the first journal devoted to organism-sediment relationships. The journal ran successfully until 1992 when Bob was diagnosed with cancer and passed away very quickly. George was faced with the dilemma of choosing a new co-editor and pronto. Only one name came to mind – Ron Pickerill. George had known Ron since 1976 and had often sent his own manuscripts to him for informal review. George was always inspired by Ron’s reviews – they were insightful and always strengthened the manuscript. Bob and George had chosen Ron to be one of the first Associate Editors of Ichnos. George knew the right man to call on when the journal faced a crisis. Ron took over as Co-Editor of Ichnos in 1992. Ron and George had a great working relationship until 2009 when Ron asked to be relieved of duties and Murray Gingras took over as Co-Editor. Ron came in at just the right time and was able to manage the transition of the journal from one to another set of co-editors under very trying circumstances.

We believe that the measure of one's value to a discipline can be evaluated by the regard in which one is held by their peers in the scientific community at large. Over 40 editors of international journals and the program directors of research-granting agencies have sought Ron’s services as a critical reviewer. As well as his pioneer work on Ichnos, and his considerable talents as an Editor of Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology and, later, Atlantic Geology, he was also an Associate Editor and North American Regional Editor of Geological Journal, and Editor of Geological Association of Canada Special Publications.

In his spare time …

Most of all, Ron adored his time with his three sons and four granddaughters. But he also continued his love for playing football, well into his fifties. He was a founding member of the Fredericton Galleons, which for years was the top team in the Province, and later the Fredericton ‘Old Boys’ that now comprises ten teams. Ron was always the stalwart ‘center-half’. Although of slight build, he handled the best that came at him and captained the team with skill and intelligence, directing play with his best Stoke City accent. He also had a distinct pattern of sideline behavior. At the half time break, he was never without his cigarette and, if circumstances permitted, a beer. Then he would go out to play for the second 45 minutes! Ron also had a knack for the video games Pac-Man and Mr Doo, enjoyed his daily crossword puzzle, and would rarely miss an episode of ‘Coronation Street’.

By now you will have realized that we have lost a colleague of the first water, not afraid of hard work, and expecting as much from his students and co-workers. We celebrated Ron and his contributions in a session organized by D.G.K. at the Geological Association of Canada – Mineralogical Association of Canada (GAC-MAC) annual joint meeting in Fredericton in May 2014 (). Acquaintances were renewed, hands were shaken and some beers were consumed. Ron was Ron. May the soil rest lightly on your bones, old friend.

Figure 4. Ron (center) and the speakers at the session in his honor, GAC-MAC annual joint meeting in Fredericton in May 2014. Left to right: David Keighley, Davinia Dieƶ Canseco, Robert MacNaughton, Ron Pickerill, Stephen Donovan and Murray Gingras.

Figure 4. Ron (center) and the speakers at the session in his honor, GAC-MAC annual joint meeting in Fredericton in May 2014. Left to right: David Keighley, Davinia Dieƶ Canseco, Robert MacNaughton, Ron Pickerill, Stephen Donovan and Murray Gingras.

References

  • Donovan, S. K. 2015. Professor Ron K. Pickerill and the genesis of ichnology in the Antilles (Jamaica, Carriacou). Atlantic Geology 51 (1):287–297.
  • Donovan, S. K., D. J. Blissett, and R. K. Pickerill. 2015. Jamaican Cenozoic ichnology: Review and prospectus. Geological Journal 50 (3):364–82.
  • Donovan, S. K., and D. A. T. Harper. 1999. A new paleobathymetric interpretation of the Middle Miocene Grand Bay Formation of Carriacou (Grenadines, Lesser Antilles). Ichnos 6 (4):283–288.
  • Donovan, S. K., D. A. T. Harper, and J. D. Marshall. 2011. Patrick John Brenchley (1936–2011). Geological Journal 46:397–404. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.1318.
  • Donovan, S. K., and R. K. Pickerill. 2015. Reply to discussion of Jamaican Cenozoic ichnology: Review and prospectus: (v. 50, p. 364-382). Geological Journal 50 (4):542–544.
  • Fillion, D., and R. K. Pickerill. 1990. Ichnology of the Upper Cambrian? to Lower Ordovician Bell Island and Wabana groups of Eastern Newfoundland, Canada. Palaeontographica Canadiana 7:1–119.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1974. Geology of the south Berwyn Hills, North Wales, with particular reference to Upper Ordovician marine benthic communities. In two volumes. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Liverpool.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1975. Application of ichnology to the study of ancient marine benthic community paleoecology: A discussion and case example. Maritime Sediments 11:49–52.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1994. Nomenclature and taxonomy of invertebrate trace fossils. In The palaeobiology of trace fossils, ed. Donovan, S. K., 3–42. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and P. J. Brenchley. 1979. Caradoc marine benthic communities of the South Berwyn Hills, North Wales. Palaeontology 22:229–64.
  • Tanoli, S. K., and R. K. Pickerill. 1987. The Glen Falls Formation – an example of a barrier island retreated by shoreface erosion. Geological Bulletin of the University of Peshawar 20:1–21.
  • Tanoli, S. K., and R. K. Pickerill. 1988. Lithostratigraphy of the Cambrian – Lower Ordovician Saint John Group, southern New Brunswick. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25 (5):669–90.
  • Tanoli, S. K., and R. K. Pickerill. 1989. Cambrian shelf deposits of the king square formation, Saint John group, southern New Brunswick. Atlantic Geology 25:129–41.

Appendix: Principal publications of Ron K. Pickerill

  • Donovan, S. K., and Pickerill, R. K. 2017. The invalidity of the trace fossil Tremichnus Brett. Geological Journal 52:828–831.
  • Donovan, S. K., and Pickerill, R. K. 2015. Reply to discussion of Jamaican Cenozoic ichnology: review and prospectus: (v. 50, p. 364-382). Geological Journal 50:542–544.
  • Donovan, S. K., Blissett, D. J., and Pickerill, R. K. 2015. Jamaican Cenozoic ichnology: review and prospectus. Geological Journal 50:364–382.
  • Donovan, S. K., Pickerill, R. K., and Keighley, D. G. 2014. Classic localities explained 17: The Upper Pliocene Bowden shell beds, southeast Jamaica. Geology Today 30:232–238.
  • Jagt, J. W. M., Thuy, B., Donovan, S. K., Stöhr, S., Portell, R. W., Pickerill, R. K., Harper, D. A. T., Lindsay, W., and Jackson, T. A. 2014. A starfish bed in the Middle Miocene Grand Bay Formation of Carriacou, The Grenadines (West Indies). Geological Magazine 151:381–393.
  • Donovan, S. K., and Pickerill, R. K. 2013. On marls and marlstones. Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum 39:127–128.
  • Donovan, S. K., Abbott, R. N., Jr., Bandy, B. R., Draper, G., Harper, D. A. T., Harrison, D. J., Holm, P. E., Pickerill, R. K., Portell, R. W., Scott, P. W., Smith, T. E., and Thirlwall, M. F. 2010. Viva Jackson! Jamaican Geode 18(1):1–3.
  • MacNaughton, R. B., and Pickerill, R. K. 2010. A cautionary note on the use of invertebrate trace fossils for correlation in the Triassic-Jurassic Fundy Group. Atlantic Geology 46:90–94.
  • Donovan, S. K., and Pickerill, R. K. 2008. The Paleogene Richmond Formation of Jamaica: not an impact-related succession. Scripta Geologica 136:107–111.
  • Harper, D. A. T., and Pickerill, R. K. 2008. Generation of brachiopod-dominated shell beds in the Miocene rocks of Carriacou, Lesser Antilles. Geological Journal 43:573–581
  • Jackson, T. A., Scott, P. W., Donovan, S. K., Pickerill, R. K., Portell, R. W., and Harper, D. A. T. 2008. The volcaniclastic turbidites of the Grand Bay Formation, Carriacou, Grenadines, Lesser Antilles. Caribbean Journal of Science 44:116–124.
  • Keighley, D. G., Calder, J. M., Park, A. F., Pickerill, R. K., and Waldron, J. W. F. 2008. Discussion on ecology of earliest reptiles inferred from basal Pennsylvanian trackways by Falcon-Long, Benton and Stimson. Journal of the Geological Society, London 164:1113–1118.
  • Portell, R. W., Hubbell, G., Donovan, S. K., Green, J. L., Harper, D. A. T., and Pickerill, R. K. 2008. Miocene sharks in the Kendeace and Grand Bay formations of Carriacou, the Grenadines, Lesser Antilles. Caribbean Journal of Science 44:279–286.
  • Blissett, D. J., and Pickerill, R. K. 2007. Systematic ichnology of microborings from the Cenozoic White Limestone Group, Jamaica, West Indies. Scripta Geologica 134:77–108.
  • Blissett, D. J., Pickerill, R. K., and Rigby, R.K. 2006. A new species of boring sponge from the White Limestone Group, Jamaica. Caribbean Journal of Science 42:246–250.
  • Donovan, S. K., Pickerill, R. K., and Blissett, D. J. 2006. Collecting invertebrate trace fossils. Geological Curator 8:205–210.
  • Lawfield, A. M. W., and Pickerill, R. K. 2006. A novel contemporary ichnocoenose, unionid bivalves and the Scoyenia-Mermia ichnofacies. Palaios 21:391–396.
  • Donovan, S. K., Renema, W., and Pickerill, R. K. 2005. The ichnofossil Scolicia prisca de Quatrefages from the Paleogene of eastern Jamaica and fossil echinoids of the Richmond Formation. Caribbean Journal of Science 41:876–881.
  • Kim, J. Y., Keighley, D. G., Pickerill, R. K., Hwang, W., and Kim, K.-S. 2005. Trace fossils from marginal lacustrine deposits of the Cretaceous Jinju Formation, southern coast of Korea. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 218:105–124.
  • Blissett, D. J., and Pickerill, R. K. 2004a. Soft-sediment ichnotaxa from the Cenozoic White Limestone Group, Jamaica, West Indies. Scripta Geologica 127:341–378.
  • Blissett, D. J., and Pickerill, R. K. 2004 b (for 2003). Observations on macroborings from the White Limestone Group of Jamaica. Cainozoic Research 3:167–187.
  • Donovan, S. K., and Pickerill, R. K. 2004. Traces of cassid snails predation upon the echinoids from the Middle Miocene of Poland: comments on Ceranka and Złotnik (2003). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49:483–484.
  • Gingras, M. K., MacEachern, J. A., and Pickerill, R. K. 2004. Modern perspectives on the Teredolites Ichnofacies: Observations from Willapa Bay, Washington. Palaios 19: 79–88.
  • Portell, R. W., Donovan, S. K., and Pickerill, R. K. 2004 (for 2003). The nautiloid Aturia (Mollusca, Cephalopoda) in the mid-Cainozoic of Jamaica and Carriacou. Cainozoic Research 3:135–141.
  • Blissett, D. J., and Pickerill, R. K. 2003a. The trace fossil Schaubcylindrichnus coronus Frey and Howard, 1981 from the White Limestone Group of northeastern Jamaica. Caribbean Journal of Earth Science 37:33–37.
  • Blissett, D. J., and Pickerill, R. K. 2003 b. Oichnus excavatus Donovan and Jagt, 2002 from the Moneague Formation, White Limestone Group, of Jamaica. Caribbean Journal of Science 39:221–223.
  • Donovan, S. K., Pickerill, R. K., Portell, R. W., Jackson, T. A., and Harper, D. A. T. 2003. The Miocene palaeobathymetry and palaeoenvironments of Carriacou, the Grenadines, Lesser Antilles. Lethaia 36:255–272.
  • Keighley, D. G., and Pickerill, R. K. 2003. Ichnocoenoses from the Carboniferous of eastern Canada and their implications for the recognition of ichnofacies in nonmarine strata. Atlantic Geology 39:1–22.
  • MacNaughton, R. B., and Pickerill, R. K. 2003. Taphonomy and the taxonomy of trace fossils: a comment. Lethaia 36:66–69.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Donovan, S. K., and Portell, R. W. 2003. Teredolites longissimus Kelly and Bromley from the Miocene Grand Bay Formation of Carriacou, the Grenadines, Lesser Antilles. Scripta Geologica 125:1–9.
  • Donovan, S. K., and Pickerill, R. K. 2002. Pattern versus process or informative versus uninformative ichnotaxonomy: Reply to Todd and Palmer. Ichnos 9:85–87.
  • Donovan, S. K., Pickerill, R. K., and Portell, R. W. 2002. A late Cenozoic ‘root bed’, an unconformity and the tectonic history of Carriacou, The Grenadines, Lesser Antilles. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 113:199–205.
  • Gingras, M. K., Pickerill, R. K., and Pemberton, S. G. 2002. Resin cast of modern burrows provides analogs for composite trace fossils. Palaios 17:206–211.
  • Kim, J. Y., Kim, K. S., and Pickerill, R. K. 2002. Cretaceous nonmarine trace fossils of the Namhae area, Kyongsangnamdo, southeast Korea. Ichnos 9:41–60.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Donovan, S. K., Mitchell, S. F., and Keighley, D. G. 2002. Late Cenozoic trace fossils from southeast coastal Jamaica. In Jackson, T. A. (ed.). Caribbean Geology: Into the 3rd Millennium: Transactions of the 15th Caribbean Geological Conference, 29th June - 2nd July, 1998, Kingston, Jamaica. The Press, University of the West Indies, Mona, 155–165.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Donovan, S. K., and Portell, R. W. 2002a (for 2001). Caulostrepsis spiralis isp. nov., Miocene Grand Bay Formation of Carriacou (Grenadines, Lesser Antilles). Ichnos 8:261–264.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Donovan, S. K., and Portell, R. W. 2002 b. Bioerosional trace fossils from the Miocene of Carriacou, Lesser Antilles. Caribbean Journal of Science 38:106–117.
  • Zonneveld, J.-P., Pemberton, S. G., Saunders, T. D. A., and Pickerill, R. K. 2002. Large, robust Cruziana from the Middle Triassic of northeastern British Columbia: Ethologic, biostratigraphic, and paleobiologic significance. Palaios 17:435–448.
  • Donovan, S. K., Portell, R. W., and Pickerill, R. K. 2001. A shell of the cephalopod Sepia Linné from the coast of Carriacou, Grenadines, Lesser Antilles. Caribbean Journal of Science 37:125–127.
  • McLeod, M. J., and Pickerill, R. K. 2001. Bedrock geology of Campobello Island: remnants of a Silurian arc and back-arc complex in southwestern New Brunswick. In Pickerill, R. K., and Lentz, D. R. (eds). Guidebook to Field Trips in New Brunswick and western Maine. NEIGC 2001, pp. B4-1 – B4-20.
  • McLeod, M. J., Pickerill, R. K., and Lux, R. D. 2001. Mafic intrusions on Campobeilo Island: implications for New Brunswick - Maine correlations. Atlantic Geology 37:17–40.
  • Mitchell, S. F., Pickerill, R. K., and Stemann, T. A. 2001. The Port Morant Formation (Upper Pleistocene, Jamaica): high resolution sedimentology and paleoenvironmental analysis of a mixed carbonate clastic lagoon succession. Sedimentary Geology 144:291–306.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 2001. [Contributor to] “The Last Billion Years: A Geological History of the Maritime Provinces of Canada”. Atlantic Geoscience Society Special Publication 15:212 pp.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Donovan, S. K., and Portell, R. W. 2001. The bioerosional ichnofossil Petroxestes pera Wilson and Palmer from the Middle Miocene of Carriacou, Lesser Antilles. Caribbean Journal of Science 37:130–131.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Lentz, D. R. (eds) 2001. Guidebook to Field Trips in New Brunswick and western Maine. NEIGC 2001, xiii + 287 pp
  • Kim, J. Y., Kim, K. S., and Pickerill, R. K. 2000. The trace fossil Protovirgularia McCoy, 1850 from the nonmarine Cretaceous Jinju Formation of the Sacheon area, Korea. Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society 21:695–702.
  • Kim, J. Y., Pickerill, R. K., and Wilson, R. A. 2000. Palaeophycus bolbitermilus isp. nov. from the Lower Silurian Upsalquitch Formation of New Brunswick, eastern Canada. Atlantic Geology 36:131–137.
  • Mitchell, S. F., Pickerill, R. K., Blackwell, B. A. B., and Skinner, A. R. 2000 (for 1999). The age of the Port Morant Formation, south-eastern Jamaica. Caribbean Journal of Earth Science 34:1–4.
  • Donovan, S. K., and Pickerill, R. K. 1999a. Possible crystalline gastroliths of large marine Vertebrata from Oligocene pelitic sediments of the northern Apennines, Italy: comment. Geology 27:575–576.
  • Donovan, S. K., and Pickerill, R. K. 1999 b. Fossils explained 26: Trace fossils 4 - borings. Geology Today 15:197–200.
  • Fyffe, L. R., Pickerill, R. K., and Stringer, P. 1999. Stratigraphy, sedimentology and structure of the Oak Bay and Waweig formations, Mascarene Basin: implications for the paleotectonic evolution of southwestern New Brunswick. Atlantic Geology 35:59–84.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Blissett, D. J. 1999. A predatory Rusophycus burrow from the Cambrian of southern New Brunswick, eastern Canada. Atlantic Geology 35:179–183.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Brenchley, P. J. 1999. Benthic macrofossils as palaeoenvironmental indicators in marine siliciclastic facies. In Nowland, G. S. (ed.). Paleo Scene: A Series of Papers on Paleontology. Reprinted from Geoscience Canada, 181–200.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Donovan, S. K. 1999. Ichnology of the late Cenozoic of southeast Jamaica: additional ichnotaxa and synthesis. Caribbean Journal of Science 35:123–131.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Fyffe, L. R. 1999, The stratigraphic significance of trace fossils from the Lower Paleozoic Baskahegan Lake Formation near Woodstock, west-central New Brunswick. Atlantic Geology 35:205–214.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Mitchell, S. F. 1999 (for 1998). The graphoglyptid trace fossil Spirorhaphe involuta (de Stefani, 1895) from eastern Jamaica. Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica 33:13–16.
  • Donovan, S. K., and Pickerill, R. K. 1998. Field guide to the geology of Port Morant and Bowden, southeast Jamaica. Contributions to Geology, UWI, Mona 3:29–35.
  • Keighley, D. G., and Pickerill, R. K. 1998a. Systematic ichnology of the Mabou and Cumberland groups (Carboniferous) of western Cape Breton Island, eastern Canada: 2. Surface markings. Atlantic Geology 34:83–112.
  • Keighley, D. G., and Pickerill, R. K. 1998 b. Mudstone-clastiform conglomerates and trough-shaped depressions from the Pennsylvanian lower Port Hood Formation of eastern Canada: occurrences due to soft-sediment deformation. Journal of Sedimentary Research 68:901–912.
  • Mitchell, S. F., Pickerill, R. K., and Donovan, S. K. 1998. A unique pebble from the Pliocene Bowden Formation of southeastern Jamaica. Caribbean Journal of Science 34:130–131.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Donovan, S. K. 1998. Ichnology of the Pliocene Bowden shell bed, southeast Jamaica. Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology 35:161–175.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Donovan, S. K., and Mitchell, S. F. 1998. Ichnology of the late Pleistocene Port Morant Formation of southeastern Jamaica. Caribbean Journal of Science 34:12–32.
  • Pickerill, R.K., Han, Y., and Jiang, D. 1998. Taxonomic revision of the ichnogenus Helminthopsis Heer 1877 with a statistical analysis of selected ichnospecies – a reply. Ichnos 5:313–316.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Mitchell, S. F., Donovan, S. K., and Keighley, D. G. 1998. Sedimentology and palaeoenvironment of the Pliocene Bowden Formation, southeast Jamaica. Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology 35:9–27.
  • Stanley, D. C. A., and Pickerill, R. K. 1998. Systematic ichnology of the Late Ordovician Georgian Bay Formation of southern Ontario, eastern Canada. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions 162:1–56.
  • Donovan, S. K., and Pickerill, R. K. 1997. Dropstones: their origin and significance: a comment. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 131:175–178.
  • Donovan, S. K., Pickerill, R. K., Mikulic, D. G., and Kluessendorf, J. 1997 (for 1996). Upright crinoids of the Thornton Reef, Wenlock (Silurian) of Illinois, U.S.A. Geological Journal 31:369–378.
  • Donovan, S. K., Pickerill, R. K., and Mitchell, S. F. 1997. Report of a field meeting to east Port Morant Harbour, parish of St. Thomas, SE Jamaica, April 5, 1997. Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica 32:49–56.
  • Keighley, D. G., and Pickerill, R. K. 1997. Systematic ichnology of the Mabou and Cumberland groups (Carboniferous) of western Cape Breton Island, eastern Canada, 1: burrows, pits, trails, and coprolites. Atlantic Geology 33:181–215.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Donovan, S. K. 1997. Ichnology and biotic interactions on a Pleistocene gastropod from southeast Jamaica. Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica 32:19–24.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Keighley, D. G. 1997. Notostracan trackways and parataxonomy-a commentary. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 42:171–174.
  • Harper, D. A. T., and Pickerill, R. K. 1996. Mid Ordovician commensal relationships between articulate brachiopods and a trepostome bryozoan from eastern Canada. Atlantic Geology 32:181–187.
  • Keighley, D. G., and Pickerill, R. K. 1996a. Small Cruziana, Rusophycus, and related ichnotaxa from eastern Canada: the nomenclatural debate and systematic ichnology. Ichnos 4:261–285.
  • Keighley, D. G., and Pickerill, R. K. 1996 b. The evolution of fluvial systems in the Port Hood Formation (Upper Carboniferous), western Cape Breton Island, eastern Canada. Sedimentary Geology 106:97–144.
  • Keighley, D. G., and Pickerill, R. K. 1996c. Ichnotaxonomic revision and the importance of type material - an alternative view. Palaeontology Newsletter 32:8–12.
  • Keighley, D. G., and Pickerill, R. K. 1996d. Flute-like marks and associated structures from the Carboniferous Port Hood Formation of eastern Canada: evidence of secondary origin in association with sediment intrusion. Reply. Journal of Sedimentary Research A66:293.
  • Norman, Y. J.-C., and Pickerill, R. K. 1996. Lobichnus variabilis Kemper 1968 from the Devonian of Maine, northeastern U.S.A. Ichnos 4:233–237.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Fyffe, L. R., and McLeod, M. J. 1996. Aspects of the geology of southern New Brunswick. A.U.G.C. Field Trip Guidebook, Fredericton:18 pp.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Keighley, D. G., and Donovan, S. K. 1996. Ichnology of the Pliocene Bowden Formation of southeastern Jamaica. Caribbean Journal of Science 32:221–232.
  • Purdy, R. W., Donovan, S. K., Pickerill, R. K., and Dixon, H. L. 1996. Fish teeth from the Pleistocene of Jamaica. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16:165–167.
  • Donovan, S. K., and Pickerill, R. K. 1995a. A camerate crinoid from the Upper Silurian (Ludlow) Moydart Formation of Nova Scotia, Canada. Atlantic Geology 31:81–86.
  • Donovan, S. K., and Pickerill, R. K. 1995 b. Crinoid columns preserved in life position in the Silurian Arisaig Group of Nova Scotia, Canada. Palaios 10:362–370.
  • Donovan, S. K., and Pickerill, R. K. 1995c. Invertebrate trace fossils: ancient interactions between organisms and sediments. Rocks and Minerals 70:110–118.
  • Donovan, S. K., Portell, R. W., Pickerill, R. K., Robinson, E., and Carter, B. D. 1995. Further Tertiary cephalopods from Jamaica. Journal of Paleontology 69:588–590.
  • Han, Y., and Pickerill, R. K. 1995a. Taxonomic review of the ichnogenus Helminthopsis Heer 1877 with a statistical analysis of selected ichnospecies. Ichnos 4:83–118.
  • Han, Y., and Pickerill, R. K. 1995 b. Sedimentology and depositional environment of the Lower Devonian Wapske Formation, Perth-Andover/Mount Carleton region, northwestern New Brunswick. Atlantic Geology 31:7–22.
  • Keighley, D. G., and Pickerill, R. K. 1995a. The ichnotaxa Palaeophycus and Planolites: historical perspectives and recommendations. Ichnos 3:301–309.
  • Keighley, D. G., and Pickerill, R. K. 1995 b. Fossils explained 13: Trace fossils 1. Geology Today 11:113–115.
  • MacNaughton, R. B., and Pickerill, R. K. 1995. Invertebrate ichnology of the nonmarine Lepreau Formation (Triassic), southern New Brunswick, eastern Canada. Journal of Paleontology 69:160–171.
  • Norman, Y. J.-C., and Pickerill, R. K. 1995. The trace fossil Elingua Orłowski, 1989 from the Early Devonian (Lochkovian-Pragian) Dockendorff Group, northeastern Maine. Northeastern Geology 17:71–74.
  • Orr, P. J., and Pickerill, R. K. 1995. Trace fossils from Early Silurian flysch of the Waterville Formation, Maine, U.S.A. Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences 17:394–414.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1995. Deep-water marine Rusophycus and Cruziana from the Ordovician Lotbinière Formation of Quebec. Atlantic Geology 31:103–108.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Donovan, S. K., and Dunn, J. T. 1995. Enigmatic cobbles and boulders in the Paleogene Richmond Formation of eastern Jamaica. Caribbean Journal of Science 31:185–199.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Keighley, D. G. 1995. Fossils explained 14: Trace fossils 2. Geology Today 11:155–157.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Narbonne, G. M. 1995. Composite and compound ichnotaxa: a case example from the Ordovician of Québec, eastern Canada. Ichnos 4:53–69.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Norman, Y. J.-C., and Han, Y. 1995. New occurrence of Phycodes templus Han and Pickerill, 1994 with a taxonomic reassessment of Yangtziichnus yichangensis Yang, 1984. Atlantic Geology 31:1–5.
  • Stanley, D. C. A., and Pickerill, R. K. 1995. Arenituba, a new name for the trace fossil ichnogenus Micatuba Chamberlain, 1971. Journal of Paleontology 68:612–614.
  • Donovan, S. K., Dixon, H. L., Pickerill, R. K., and Doyle, E. N. 1994. Pleistocene echinoid (Echinodermata) fauna from southeast Jamaica. Journal of Paleontology 68:351–358.
  • Han, Y., and Pickerill, R. K. 1994a. Phycodes templus isp. nov. from the Lower Devonian of northwestern New Brunswick, eastern Canada. Atlantic Geology 30:37–46.
  • Han, Y., and Pickerill, R. K. 1994 b. Palichnology of the Lower Devonian Wapske Formation, Perth-Andover – Mount Carleton region, northwestern New Brunswick, eastern Canada. Atlantic Geology 30:217–245.
  • Han, Y., and Pickerill, R. K. 1994c. Taxonomic reassessment of Protovirgularia M’Coy 1850 with new examples from the Paleozoic of New Brunswick, eastern Canada. Ichnos 3:203–212.
  • Keighley, D. G., and Pickerill, R. K. 1994a. The ichnogenus Beaconites and its distinction from Ancorichnus and Taenidium. Palaeontology 37:305–337.
  • Keighley, D. G., and Pickerill, R. K. 1994 b. Flute-like marks and associated structures from the Carboniferous Port Hood Formation of eastern Canada: evidence of secondary origin in association with sediment intrusion. Journal of Sedimentary Research A64:253–263.
  • Keppie, J. D., Long, D. G. F., and Pickerill, R. K. 1994. Meguma Terrane. Second Circum Atlantic/Circum Pacific Terrane Conference Field Guide, IGCP 376-319, 1–40.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1994a. Nomenclature and taxonomy of invertebrate trace fossils. In Donovan, S. K. (ed.). The Palaeobiology of Trace Fossils. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, 3–42.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1994 b. Exceptional fossil record: Distribution of soft-tissue preservation throughout the Phanerozoic: Comment. Geology 23:183–184.
  • Stanley, D. C. A., and Pickerill, R. K. 1994. Planolites constriannulatus isp. nov. from the Late Ordovician Georgian Bay Formation of southern Ontario, eastern Canada. Ichnos 3:119–123.
  • Brenchley, P. J., and Pickerill, R. K. 1993. Animal – sediment relationships in the Ordovician and Silurian of the Welsh Basin. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 104:81–93.
  • Brenchley, P. J., Pickerill, R. K., and Stromberg, S. G. 1993. The role of wave reworking on the architecture of storm sandstone facies, Bell Island Group (Lower Ordovician), eastern Newfoundland. Sedimentology 40:359–382.
  • Donovan, S. K., and Pickerill, R. K. 1993. A new species of regular echinoid from the Richmond Formation (Eocene) of Jamaica. Tertiary Research 14:111–115.
  • Fyffe, L. R., and Pickerill, R. K. 1993. Geochemistry of Upper Cambrian-Lower Ordovician black shale along a northeastern Appalachian transect. Geological Society of America Bulletin 105:897–910.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1993. Glockerichnus Pickerill 1982 not Glockeria Książkiewicz 1968. Ichnos 2:165.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Donovan, S. K., and Dixon, H. L. 1993. The trace fossil Dactyloidites ottoi (Geinitz, 1849) from the Neogene August Town Formation of south-central Jamaica. Journal of Paleontology 67:1070–1074.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Donovan, S. K., Dixon, H. L., and Doyle, E. N. 1993. Bichordites monastiriensis from the Pleistocene of southeast Jamaica. Ichnos 2:225–230.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Donovan, S. K., Doyle, E. N., and Dixon, H. L. 1993. Ichnology of the Paleogene Richmond Formation of eastern Jamaica - the final chapter? Atlantic Geology 29:61–67.
  • Stanley, D. C. A., and Pickerill, R. K. 1993a. Fustiglyphus annulatus from the Ordovician of Ontario, Canada, with a systematic review of the ichnogenera Fustiglyphus Vyalov 1971 and Rhabdoglyphus Vassoirvich 1951. Ichnos 3:57–67.
  • Stanley, D. C. A., and Pickerill, R. K. 1993 b. Shallow water Paleodictyon from the Upper Ordovician Georgian Bay Formation of southern Ontario. Atlantic Geology 29:115–119.
  • McCann, T., and Pickerill, R. K. 1992. Petrology and provenance of the Cretaceous Kodiak Formation, Alaska. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 29:373–377.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1992a. Carboniferous nonmarine invertebrate ichnocoenoses from southern New Brunswick, eastern Canada. Ichnos 2:21–35.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1992 b. Sedimentology and paleontology of the Siluro-Devonian Group of Arisaig, Nova Scotia. Geological Association of Canada/Mineralogical Association of Canada, Fieldtrip Guidebook, Wolfville, Nova Scotia: 1–40.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Donovan, S. K., and Dixon, H. L. 1992. The Richmond Formation of eastern Jamaica revisited - further ichnological observations. Caribbean Journal of Science 28:89–98.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1991. The trace fossil Neonereites multiserialis Pickerill and Harland, 1988 from the Devonian Wapske Formation, northwest New Brunswick. Atlantic Geology 27:119–126.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Brenchley, P. J. 1991. Benthic macrofossils as palaeoenvironmental indicators in marine siliciclastic facies. Geoscience Canada 18:119–138.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Donovan, S. K. 1991. Observations on the ichnology of the Richmond Formation of eastern Jamaica. Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica 28:19–35.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Fillion, D., and Brenchley, P. J. 1991. A note on the occurrence of Arthrophycus in the Bell Island Group of eastern Newfoundland. Atlantic Geology 27:73–77.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Fyffe, L. R. 1991. Revised Late Precambrian stratigraphy near Saint John, New Brunswick: Discussion. Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research, Part D, Paper 91-1D:187–189.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Peel, J. S. 1991. Gordia nodosa isp. nov. and other trace fossils from the Cass Fjord Formation (Cambrian) of North Greenland. Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 150:15–28.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Stanley, D. C. A. 1991. Storm-deposited sandstones (tempestites) and related ichnofossils of the Late Ordovician Georgian Bay Formation, southern Ontario, Canada: Discussion. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 28:1687–1688.
  • Bryant, I. D., and Pickerill, R. K. 1990. Lower Cambrian trace fossils from the Buen Formation of central North Greenland: preliminary observations. In Peel, J. S. (ed.). Lower Cambrian trace fossils from Greenland. Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 147:44–62.
  • Donovan, S. K., Jackson, T. A., and Pickerill, R. K. 1990. Report of a field meeting to selected localities in Portland, 5 May 1990. Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica 27:53–57.
  • Fillion, D., and Pickerill, R. K. 1990a. Ichnology of the Upper Cambrian? to Lower Ordovician Bell Island and Wabana groups of eastern Newfoundland, Canada. Palaeontographica Canadiana 7:1–119.
  • Fillion, D., and Pickerill, R. K. 1990 b. Comments on ‘Substrate control of Lower Cambrian trace fossils from Bornholm, Denmark’. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 80:345–350.
  • Fillion, D., Pickerill, R. K., and Harland, T. L. 1990. Influence de la diagenèse sur la production, la preservation et l’énchantillonnage des ichnofossiles au sein des series carbonates: l’exemple du basin intracratonique Ordovicien du Lac-St.-Jean et de Chicoutimi (Québec). Géobios 23:485–511.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1990a. Nonmarine Paleodictyon from the Carboniferous Albert Formation of southern New Brunswick. Atlantic Geology 26:157–163.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1990 b. Repository of Trentonia shegiriana Pickerill and Forbes, 1978 (Annelida, Polychaeta). Journal of Paleontology 64:1041.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1990c. Scoyenia ichnofacies from the Passaic Formation (Upper Triassic) near Milford, New Jersey – Discussion. Northeastern Geology 12:156–159.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Peel, J. S. 1990. Trace fossils from the Lower Cambrian Bastion Formation of North-East Greenland. In Peel, J. S. (ed.). Lower Cambrian trace fossils from Greenland. Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 147:5–43.
  • Tanoli, S. K., and Pickerill, R. K. 1990. Lithofacies and basinal development of the type ‘Etcheminian Series’ (Lower Cambrian Ratcliffe Brook Formation), Saint John area, southern New Brunswick. Atlantic Geology 26:57–78.
  • Harland, T. L., and Pickerill, R. K. 1989. Patch reefs in Ordovician limestones, St. Honore, Quebec. In Geldsetzer, H. H. J., James, N. P., and Tebbutt, G. E. (eds). Reefs, Canada and Adjacent Area. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 13:201–207.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1989a. Compaginatichnus: A new ichnogenus from Ordovician flysch of eastern Canada. Journal of Paleontology 63:913–919.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1989 b. Non-marine trace fossils from the Carboniferous Albert Formation, southern New Brunswick, eastern Canada. In Jin, Y., and Li, C. (eds). Onzième Congrès International de Stratigraphie et de Gèologie du Carbonifère 3. Nanjing University Press, Nanjing, 262–267.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1989c. Bergaueria perata Prantl, 1945 from the Silurian of Cape George, Nova Scotia. Atlantic Geology 25:191–197.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and McCann, T. 1989. An additional note on Spirocosmorhaphe Seilacher, 1989. Journal of Paleontology 63:702–703.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Williams, P. F. 1989. Deep burrowing in the early Palaeozoic deep sea: examples from the Cambrian?-Early Ordovician Meguma Group of Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 26:1061–1068.
  • Tanoli, S. K., and Pickerill, R. K. 1989. Cambrian shelf deposits of the King Square Formation, Saint John Group, southern New Brunswick. Atlantic Geology 25:129–141.
  • Tansathien, W., and Pickerill, R. K. 1989. The Siluro-Devonian Arisaig Group of Nova Scotia. Field Trip Guidebook, Canadian Paleontology and Biostratigraphy Seminar, Dartmouth 1989, 1–36.
  • King, A. F., Boyce, W. B., Pickerill, R. K., and Williams, S. H. 1988. The St. John’s region. Fifth International Symposium on the Ordovician System, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada. Field Excursion Guide Book, 1-39.
  • McCann, T., and Pickerill, R. K. 1988. Flysch trace fossils from the Cretaceous Kodiak Formation of Alaska. Journal of Paleontology 62:330–348.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Fillion, D., and Ranger, M. J. 1988. Lower Ordovician deltaic, shallow marine and ironstone deposits and associated trace fossils, Bell Island. Geological Association of Canada/Mineralogical Association of Canada, Field Trip Guide Book A7, 1–81.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Fyffe, L. R., and Forbes, W. H. 1988. Late Ordovician-Early Silurian trace fossils from the Matapedia Group, Tobique River, western New Brunswick, Canada. II. Additional discoveries with descriptions and comments. Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology 24:139–148.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Harland, T. L. 1988. Trace fossils from Silurian slope deposits, North Greenland. Rapport Grønlands geologiske Undersøgelse 137:119–133.
  • Tanoli, S. K., and Pickerill, R. K. 1988. Lithostratigraphy of the Cambrian – Lower Ordovician Saint John Group, southern New Brunswick. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25:669–690.
  • Harland, T. L., and Pickerill, R. K. 1987. Epizoic Schizocrania sp. from the Ordovician Trenton Group of Quebec, with comments on mode of life of conulariids. Journal of Palaeontology 61:844–849.
  • Harland, T. L., Pickerill, R. K., and Fillion, D. 1987. Establishment and development of patch reefs in the intracratonic Ordovician sequence near Chicoutimi, Quebec, eastern Canada. Lethaia 20:189–208.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1987a. Late Ordovician sedimentary rocks and trace fossils of the Aroostook-Matapedia Carbonate Belt at Runnymede, Restigouche River, northern New Brunswick. In Roy, D. C. (ed.). Centennial Field Guide 5: Northeastern Section, Geological Society of America, 385–388.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1987 b. The trace fossil Strobilorhaphe from the Late Ordovician Grog Brook Group, northwest New Brunswick. Northeastern Geology 9:129–132.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Fyffe, L. R., and Forbes, W. H. 1987. Late Ordovician-Early Silurian trace fossils from the Matapedia Group, Tobique River, western New Brunswick, Canada. Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology 23:77–88.
  • Riva, J., and Pickerill, R. K. 1987. The late mid-Ordovician transgressive sequence and the Montmorency Fault at the Montmorency Falls, Quebec. In Roy, D. C. (ed.). Centennial Field Guide 5: Northeastern Section, Geological Society of America, 357–362.
  • Tanoli, S. K., and Pickerill, R. K. 1987. The Glen Falls Formation - an example of a barrier island retreated by shoreface erosion. Geological Bulletin of the University of Peshawar 20:1–21.
  • Tansathien, W., and Pickerill, R. K. 1987. A giant Rusophycus from the Arisaig Group (Siluro-Devonian) of Nova Scotia. Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology 23:89–93.
  • Boehner, R. C., Calder, J. H., Carter, D. C., Donohoe, H. V., Jr., Ferguson, L., Pickerill, R. K., and Ryan, R. J. 1986. Carboniferous – Jurassic Sedimentation and Tectonics: Minas, Cumberland and Moncton Basins, Nova Scotias and New Brunswick. Atlantic Geoscience Society Special Publication 4:1–122.
  • Fyffe, L. R., and Pickerill, R. K. 1986. Timing of terrane accretion in eastern and east-central Maine – Comment. Geology 15:1051.
  • Hurst, J. M., and Pickerill, R. K. 1986. The relationship between sedimentary facies and faunal associations in the Llandovery siliciclastic Ross Brooks Formation, Arisaig, Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 23:705–726.
  • McCann, T., and Pickerill, R. K. 1986. The trace fossil Yakutatia emersoni from the Cretaceous Kodiak Formation of Alaska. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 23:262–269.
  • [Pickerill, R. K. 1986. Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, and Structural Analysis of the Geology of the Tobique Reserve Lands with an economic assessment of its Geologic Resources. Unpublished Report to the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs, Ottawa, Ontario: 1–61.]
  • Bruck, P. M., Forbes, W. H., Nance, D., and Pickerill, R. K. 1985. Beaconites antarcticus in the (?Middle) Late Devonian McAras Brook Formation, Cape George, Nova Scotia. Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology 21:87–96.
  • Carter, D. C., and Pickerill, R. K. 1985a. Lithostratigraphy of the Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous Horton Group of the Moncton Subbasin, southern New Brunswick. Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology 21:11–24.
  • Carter, D. C., and Pickerill, R. K. 1985 b. Algal swamp, marginal and shallow evaporitic lacustrine lithofacies from the late Devonian-early Carboniferous Albert Formation, southeastern New Brunswick, Canada. Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology 21:69–86.
  • Carter, D. C., and Pickerill, R. K. 1985c. A review of the Carboniferous Albert Formation Oil Shales, New Brunswick – Discussion. Bulletin of the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geology 33:261–263.
  • Harland, T. L., Pickerill, R. K., and Fillion, D. 1985. Ordovician intracratonic sediments from the Lac-St-Jean and Chicoutimi areas, Quebec, eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 22: 240–254.
  • Keppie, J. D., Currie, K., Murphy, J. B., Pickerill, R. K., Fyffe, L. R., and St. Julien, P. 1985. Appalachian Geotraverse (Canadian Mainland). Geological Association of Canada, Mineralogical Association of Canada, Fieldtrip Guidebook A1, Fredericton, New Brunswick, 1–181.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1985a. The trace fossil Yakutatia emersoni from the Matapedia Basin of New Brunswick and southeast Gaspe - its first reported occurrence outside of Alaska. Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology 21:47–54.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1985 b. The Trenton Group of the Quebec City area. In Riva, J. (ed.). Field Trip Guidebook. Canadian Palaeontology and Biostratigraphy Seminar, Quebec City, 1–10.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Carter, D., and St. Peter, C. 1985. Albert Formation – oil shales, lakes, fans and deltas. Geological Association of Canada, Mineralogical Association of Canada, Excursion 6, Fredericton, New Brunswick, 75 pp.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Mawer, C. K., and Fyffe, L. R. (eds) 1985. “Fredericton 85”, Field Excursions. In three volumes. Geological Association of Canada, Mineralogical Association of Canada, 1–804.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Tanoli, S. K. 1985. Revised lithostratigraphy of the Cambro-Ordovician Saint John Group, southern New Brunswick - a preliminary report. Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research, Part B, Paper 85-1B:441–449.
  • Plint, A. G., and Pickerill, R. K. 1985. Non-marine Teredolites from the Middle Eocene of southern England. Lethaia 18:339–345.
  • Tanoli, S. K., Pickerill, R. K., and Currie, K. L. 1985. Distinction of Eocambrian and Lower Cambrian redbeds, Saint John area, southern New Brunswick. Current Research, Part A, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 85-1A:699–702.
  • Briggs, D. E. G., Plint, A. G., and Pickerill, R. K. 1984. Arthropleura trails from the Westphalian of eastern Canada. Palaeontology 27:843–855.
  • Fillion, D., and Pickerill, R. K. 1984a. On Arthraria antiquata Billings, 1872, and its relationship to Diplocraterion Torrell, 1870 and Bifungites Desio, 1940. Journal of Paleontology 58:683–696.
  • Fillion, D., and Pickerill, R. K. 1984 b. Systematic ichnology of the Middle Ordovician Trenton Group, St. Lawrence Lowland, eastern Canada. Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology 20:1–41.
  • Harland, T. L., and Pickerill, R. K. 1984. Ordovician rocky shoreline deposits – the basal Trenton Group around Quebec City, Canada. Geological Journal 19:271–298.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1984a. On the holotype of “Astropolithon hindii”. Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology 20:79–81.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1984 b. Abundant and diverse early Paleozoic infauna indicated by the stratigraphic record - Comment. Geology 12:567–568.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Fillion, D. 1984. Occurrence of Rusophycus morgati in Arenig strata of Bell Island, eastern Newfoundland. Journal of Paleontology 58:274–276.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Fillion, D., and Harland, T. L. 1984. Middle Ordovician trace fossils in carbonates of the Trenton Group between Montreal and Quebec City, St. Lawrence Lowland, eastern Canada. Journal of Paleontology 58:416–439.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Harland, T. L. 1984. Middle Ordovician microborings of probable sponge origin from eastern Canada and southern Norway. Journal of Paleontology 58:885–891.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Harland, T. L., and Fillion, D. 1984. In situ lingulids from deep-water carbonates of the Middle Ordovician Table Head Group of Newfoundland and the Trenton Group of Quebec. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 21:194–199.
  • Ranger, M. J., Pickerill, R. K., and Fillion, D. 1984. Lithostratigraphy of the Cambrian?-Lower Ordovician Bell Island and Wabana groups of Bell, Little Bell and Kellys islands, Conception Bay, eastern Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 21:1245–1261.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Romano, M., and Meléndez, B. 1984. Arenig trace fossils from the Salamanca area, western Spain. Geological Journal 19:249–269.
  • Currie, K. L., Pickerill, R. K., and Pajari, G. E., Jr. 1983. Structural interpretation of the eastern Notre Dame Bay area, Newfoundland: regional post-Middle Silurian thrusting and asymmetrical folding: Discussion. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 20:1351–1352.
  • Pajari, G. E., Pickerill, R. K., and Currie, K. L. 1983. The nature, origin and significance of the Carmanville ophiolitic mélange, northern Newfoundland. In McCall, G. J. H. (ed.). Ophiolitic and related Mélanges. Benchmark Papers in Geology 66: 209–221.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Fillion, D. 1983. On the Tremadoc-Arenig and Lower-Upper Tremadoc boundaries in the Bell Island Group, Conception Bay, eastern Newfoundland. Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology 19:21–30.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Hurst, J. M. 1983. Sedimentary facies, depositional environments and faunal associations of the Lower Llandovery (Silurian) Beechill Cove Formation, Arisaig, Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 20:1761–1779.
  • Conway Morris, S., Pickerill, R. K., and Harland, T. L. 1982. A possible annelid from the Trenton Limestone (Ordovician) of Quebec, with a review of fossil oligochaetes and other annulate worms. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 19:2150–2157.
  • Harland, T. L., and Pickerill, R. K. 1982. A review of Middle Ordovician sedimentation in the St. Lawrence Lowland, eastern Canada. Geological Journal 17:135–156.
  • Pajari, G. E., Pickerill, R. K., and Currie, K. L. 1982. Geology of south-central Newfoundland and evolution of the eastern margin of Iapetus – a comment. American Journal of Science 282:934–935.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1982a. Glockerichnus, a new name for the trace fossil ichnogenus Glockeria Książkiewicz, 1968. Journal of Paleontology 56:816.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1982 b. Cambrian medusoids from the St. John Group, southern New Brunswick. Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research, Part B, Paper 82-1B:71–76.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Hurst, J. M., and Surlyk, F. 1982. Notes on Lower Palaeozoic flysch trace fossils from Hall Land and Peary Land, North Greenland. Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 108:25–29.
  • Currie, K. L, Nance, R. D., Pajari, G. E., and Pickerill, R. K. 1981. Some aspects of the pre-Carboniferous geology of Saint John, New Brunswick. Current Research, Part A Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 81-1A:23–30.
  • [Pickerill, R. K. 1981a. Paleoenvironmental interpretation of Gulf Minerals Canada Limited diamond drill holes, Millstream LM 8, 9 and 10. Unpublished report for Gulf Minerals Canada Limited:1–33.]
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1981 b. Trace fossils in a Lower Palaeozoic submarine canyon sequence – the Siegas Formation of northwestern New Brunswick, Canada. Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology 17:37–58.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Pajari, G. E., Jr., and Currie, K. L. 1981. Resedimented volcaniclastics in the Carmanville area, northeastern Newfoundland – depositional remnants of Early Palaeozoic oceanic islands. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 18:55–70.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Keppie, J. D. 1981. Observations on the ichnology of the Meguma Group (? Cambro-Ordovician) of Nova Scotia. Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology 17:130–138.
  • Brenchley, P. J., and Pickerill, R. K. 1980. Shallow subtidal sediments of Soudleyan (Caradoc) age in the Berwyn Hills, North Wales, and their palaeogeographic context. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 91:177–194.
  • Currie, K. L., Pajari, G. E., Jr., and Pickerill, R. K. 1980. Geology, Carmanville, Newfoundland, map and notes. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 721:1 sheet.
  • Currie, K. L., Pajari, G. E., Jr., and Pickerill, R. K. 1980. Comments on the boundaries of the Davidsville Group, northeastern Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research, Part A, Paper 80-1A:115–118.
  • Currie, K. L., Pickerill, R. K., and Pajari, G. E., Jr. 1980. An early Palaeozoic plate-tectonic model of Newfoundland. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 48:8–14.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1980a. Phanerozoic flysch trace fossil diversity – observations based on an Ordovician flysch ichnofauna from the Aroostook-Matapedia Carbonate Belt of northern New Brunswick. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 17:1259–1270.
  • Pickerill, R. K. (ed.) 1980 b. Ordovician and Devonian Strata of northern New Brunswick and southern Gaspe. Canadian Palaeontology and Stratigraphy Seminar, Fredericton, Field Guide:1–49.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Carter, D. C. 1980. Sedimentology and depositional history of the Albert Formation. New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources, Mineral Resources Branch, Fredericton, Open File Report 80-3:1–132.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Forbes, W. H. 1980. Ordovician and Devonian sediments, fossils and ichnofossils of northern New Brunswick. In Pickerill, R.K. (ed.), Ordovician, Silurian and Devonian strata of northern New Brunswick and southern Gaspé. Canadian Paleontology and Biostratigraphy Seminar, Field Trip Guide-Book:15–29.
  • Rast, N., St. Julien, P., Stringer, P., Pickerill, R. K., Grant, R. H., and Keppie, D. 1980. The Northern Appalachian Geotraverse: Quebec-New Brunswick-Nova Scotia. GAC/MAC Fieldtrip Guidebook, Halifax:1–145.
  • Stringer, P., and Pickerill, R. K. 1980. Structure and sedimentology of the Siluro-Devonian between Edmundston and Grand Falls, New Brunswick. In Roy, D. C., and Naylor, N. S. (eds). The Geology of northeastern Maine and neighboring New Brunswick. New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference:262–277.
  • Currie, K. L., Pajari, G. E., Jr., and Pickerill, R. K. 1979. Tectono-stratigraphic problems in the Carmanville area, northeastern Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research, Part A, Paper 79-1A:71–76.
  • Currie, K. L., Pickerill, R. K., and Pajari, G. E. 1979. Comment and reply on ‘Geophysical evidence for an east-dipping Appalchian subduction zone beneath Newfoundland. Geology 7:469–473.
  • Pajari, G. E., Pickerill, R. K., and Currie, K. L. 1979. The nature, origin, and significance of the Carmanville ophiolitic mélange, northeastern Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 16:1439–1451.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Brenchley, P. J. 1979a. Caradoc marine benthic communities of the south Berwyn Hills, North Wales. Palaeontology 22:229–264.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Brenchley, P. J. 1979b. Locality lists, maps and sample details of Ordovician fossil localities in the south Berwyn Hills, North Wales. Supplementary Publication, No. SUP 14011:1–175. British Library, Boston Spa, Wetherby.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Forbes, W. H. 1979. Ichnology of the Trenton Group in the Quebec City area. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 16:2022–2039.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Harris, I. M. 1979. A reinterpretation of Astropolithon hindii Dawson, 1878. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 49:1029–1039.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Pajari, G. E., Jr., and Currie, K. L. 1979. Evidence of Caradocian glaciation in the Davidsville Group of northeastern Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research, Part C, Paper 79-1C:67–72.
  • Strong, D. F., Dickson, W. L., and Pickerill, R. K. 1979. Chemistry and prehnite-pumpellyite facies metamorphism of calc-alkaline Carboniferous volcanic rocks of southeastern New Brunswick. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 16:1071–1085.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Forbes, W. H. 1978. A trace fossil preserving its producer (Trentonia shegiriana) from the Trenton Limestone of the Quebec City area. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 15:659–664.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Pajari, G. E., Jr., Currie, K. L., and Berger, A. R. 1978a. Carmanville map area, Newfoundland; the northeastern end of the Appalachians. Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research, Part A, Paper 78-1A:209–216.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Pajari, G. E., Jr., Currie, K. L., and Berger, A. R. 1978b. Carmanville map area, Newfoundland; the northeastern end of the Appalachians - Reply. Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research, Part C, Paper 78-1C:129–132.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Pajari, G. E., and Dickson, W. L. 1978c. Geology of the Lower Devonian rocks of Passamaquoddy Bay, southwest New Brunswick. In Ludman, A. (ed.). Guidebook for Field Trips in Southeastern Maine and Southwestern New Brunswick. 70th Annual Meeting, New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference, Trip A-3:38–56.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1977. Trace fossils from the Upper Ordovician (Caradoc) of the Berwyn Hills, central Wales. Geological Journal 12:1–16.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Forbes, W. H. 1977. Bifungites cf halli from the Ordovician (Caradocian) Trenton Limestone of the Quebec City area. Maritime Sediments 13:87–92.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Roulston, B. V. 1977. Enigmatic trace fossils from the Silurian Chaleurs Group of the southeastern Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 14:2729–2736.
  • Pickerill, R. K., Roulston, B. V., and Noble, J. P. A. 1977. Trace fossils from the Silurian Chaleurs Group of southeastern Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 14:239–249.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1976a. Vermiforichnus borings from the Ordovician of central Wales. Geological Magazine 113:159–164.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1976b. Significance of a new fossil locality containing a Salopina community in the Waweig Formation (Silurian – uppermost Ludlow/Pridoli) of southwest New Brunswick. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 13:1328–1331.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Pajari, G. E., Jr. 1976. The Eastport Formation (Lower Devonian) in the northern Passamaquoddy Bay area, southwest New Brunswick. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 13:266–270.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1975. Application of ichnology to the study of ancient marine benthic community paleoecology: a discussion and case example. Maritime Sediments 11:49–52.
  • Pickerill, R. K., and Brenchley, P. J. 1975. The application of the community concept in paleontology. Maritime Sediments 11:5–8.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1974. Geology of the south Berwyn Hills, North Wales, with particular reference to Upper Ordovician marine benthic communities. In two volumes. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Liverpool.
  • Pickerill, R. K. 1973. Lingulasma tenuigranulata – palaeoecology of a large Ordovician linguloid that lived within a strophomenid-trilobite community. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 13:143–156.

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