Synthesis, Characterization, and Antiproliferative Activity of Cu²⁺, V(IV)O²⁺, Co²⁺, Mn²⁺, and Ni²⁺ Complexes with 3-(2-(4-Methoxyphenylcarbamothioyl)Hydrazinyl)-3-OXO-N-(Thiazol-2-yl)Propanamide against Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells

Abstract

3-(2-(4-methoxyphenylcarbamothioyl)hydrazinyl)-3-oxo-N-(thiazol-2-yl)propan-amide (H₄L) has been synthesized and its structure has been confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, mass, and ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. This ligand has been used to synthesize complexes with Cu²⁺, V(IV)O²⁺, Co²⁺, Mn²⁺, and Ni²⁺. The structures of these complexes have been verified by elemental analyses, molar conductivities, magnetic measurements as well as UV–VIS, IR, ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. The IR spectra showed that H₄L acts as a uni-negative tetradentate or bidentate ligand. The molar conductance measurements proved that all complexes are nonelectrolytes except complexes 2 and 3. Moreover, the metal complexes geometrical arrangements were square planar, tetrahedral, square-pyramidal, or octahedral. The structures are consistent with the IR, UV–VIS, ESR, as well as conductivity measurements. The antiproliferative activity of the synthesized complexes against human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cell line showed exploited potent to moderate growth inhibitory activity, in particular complex 4 which exhibited superior potency to the reference drug cisplatin. The antitumor activity of these compounds was accompanied by significant increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase with concomitant decrease in the activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione level. The overproduction of free radicals allowed reactive oxygen species-mediated tumor cells death.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Keywords:

• Thiazol derivatives
• Complexes
• Cytotoxic activity
• Breast cancer