Results of a clinical phase I dose-escalation study of cytarabinein combination with fixed-dose vinorelbine, paclitaxel, etoposideand cisplatin for the treatment of relapsed/refractory lymphoma

Abstract

Management of relapsed lymphoma depends upon the variables of chemosensitive disease and successful stem cell mobilization. The microtubule specific agents, paclitaxel and vinorelbine, have efficacy in relapsed lymphoma and can enhance stem cell mobilization. We performed a phase I dose-escalation study of cytarabine combined with fixed doses of vinorelbine, paclitaxel, etoposide and cisplatin (VTEPA) for patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma. The regimen consisted of paclitaxel 175 mg/m² and vinorelbine 30 mg/m² on day 1; cisplatin 20 mg/m² and etoposide 100 mg/m² over 4 h on days 2 – 5. Cytarabine 2 g m/m² over 4 h, in successive cohorts on 1, 2, or 3 consecutive days: cohort A day 5; cohort B days 4 – 5; and cohort C days 3 – 5. Sixteen patients (Hodgkin's disease, n = 6; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, n = 10) were enrolled. Fourteen of 16 patients (88%) had refractory and seven patients (44%) had primary refractory disease. Major toxicities included hematologic toxicity, mucositis and infectious complications. Infectious complications (10/16 patients) included neutropenic fever, sepsis and fungal pneumonia. Dose-limiting toxicity was achieved in cohort C, which received three doses of cytarabine. There were 33% partial responses, 27% stable disease and 40% progressive disease following a single cycle of VTEPA. Two of 16 patients suffered treatment-related mortality. Five patients went on to receive autologous (n = 4) or allogeneic transplant (n = 1), and five out of seven patients in this heavily pretreated group who received VTEPA for mobilization of an autologous graft were successfully collected. The recommended dose of cytarabine for further evaluation in a phase II study is 2 g m/m² for 2 consecutive days in combination with VTEPA. Treatment of subjects with relapsed/refractory lymphoma using VTEPA as second- or third-line salvage therapy produced remissions in some patients and permitted collection of grafts and subsequent autologous transplantation, supporting a planned phase II trial.

Keywords:

• Relapsed lymphoma
• paclitaxel
• vinorelbine