The Development of Municipal Institutions and Public Works in Early Twentieth-Century Beijing^*

^*An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Symposium on Ancient Cities of the World held in Beijing, November 1990. I wish to thank Madeleine Zelin and Andrew Nathan of Columbia University for their helpful comments.

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Notes

^* An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Symposium on Ancient Cities of the World held in Beijing, November 1990. I wish to thank Madeleine Zelin and Andrew Nathan of Columbia University for their helpful comments.