Decreasing the Presentation Speed of Animated Soccer Scenes Does Not Always Lead to Better Learning Outcomes in Young Players

ABSTRACT

Under what conditions, the use of design techniques improves learning from animations? The present experiment examined the effect of content complexity on learning from animated soccer scenes presented either at normal or low speeds (i.e., 0.5 and 1.0 times normal speed). One hundred young soccer players (M_age = 13.12 years, SD = 0.47) were randomly assigned to four experimental conditions and invited to rate their perceived mental effort and perform a comprehension test, immediately after the learning phase. Data analyses revealed that while the decrease of presentation speed has no advantages when learning low-complexity content, players profited more from the low than the normal presentation speed (in terms of mental effort and comprehension performance) when learning high-complexity content. The findings suggested that the decrease of presentation speed is particularly effective with the increase in the complexity of soccer scenes.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Ghazi Rekik

Ghazi Rekik is a Doctor in sport and Physical Education sciences, Research Unit “Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé” (UR15JS01), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia. His research interests include technology enhanced learning, instructional design, cognitive load theory, human movement, and the tactical learning in team sports.

Yosra Belkhir

Yosra Belkhir is a PhD Student in the Department of Sport Sciences at Manouba University (Tunisia). His research focuses on statistical analysis, data mining, exercise physiology, and the strength & conditioning.

Maha Mnif

Maha Mnif is a PhD Student in the Department of Human Sciences Applied to Physical and Sports Activities at Sfax University (Tunisia). His research interests are in memory, visual perception, emotions, and the cognitive neuroscience.

Liwa Masmoudi

Liwa Masmoudi is an assistant professor in the Department of Sport Sciences at Sfax University (Tunisia). His research interests are in statistical analysis, systematic reviews, sport physiology and the strength & conditioning.

Mohamed Jarraya

Mohamed Jarraya is a Professor in the Department of Human Sciences Applied to Physical and Sports Activities. His research focuses on the perceptual-cognitive processes underlying performance in expert and novice learners.