Nutritive Evaluation of Lysine- and Methionine-Supplemented Raw Vs Heat-Processed Soybean to Replace Fishmeal as a Dietary Protein Source for Grey Mullet, Mugil cephalus, and Milkfish, Chanos chanos

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of methionine- and lysine-supplemented raw and hydrothermically processed full-fat soybean as a dietary protein source on growth performance, digestibility, and digestive enzyme activity in grey mullet, Mugil cephalus (mean BW 0.55 g), and milkfish, Chanos chanos (mean BW 3.83 g). Eight isocaloric (gross energy about 18.27 kj g⁻¹) and isonitrogenous (crude protein about 40%) diets (1–4 = raw soybean based; 5–8 = processed full-fat soybean based) were formulated. A fishmeal-based diet was used as the reference/control diet. Growth performance, nutrient retention, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and protein digestibility in fishes correlated well with the trypsin inhibitor activity levels of the diets. Carcass phosphorous levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in fish fed the fishmeal control diet. Irrespective of the fish species, significantly (P < 0.05) lower levels of total ammonia excretion and reactive phosphate production (mg kg⁻¹ BW d⁻¹) were recorded where the fish were fed processed full-fat soybean diets compared with the fish fed fishmeal or raw soybean diets. Among these diets, the best growth performance and the lowest levels of metabolic waste were obtained in fishes fed the methionine- and lysine-supplemented processed soybean-based diets containing no fishmeal.

Keywords:

• Trypsin inhibitor
• fishmeal replacement
• metabolic waste

Acknowledgments

Studies were supported by a grant to Dr. S. K. Garg from C(b) Zoo-9-ICAR (NATP-World Bank).