Furniture Stripping Vapor Inhalation Fatalities: Two Case Studies

Abstract

Two strikingly similar fatal accidents at furniture stripping workplaces were investigated to determine causes and recommend preventive measures. The investigations included air sampling for solvent vapor concentrations, observations at the accident scenes, extensive interviews with co-workers and acquaintances of the victims, a review of material safety data sheets and other documentation, and a consideration of the medical records including autopsies. Both employers were cited under Michigan OSHA standards for exposing the victims to an injurious mixture concentration of solvent vapors. The stripping liquids were composed of methylene chloride (65–85%), methanol (6–12%), and other additives. Both the methanol and the methylene chloride posed a significant vapor inhalation hazard. Highly toxic, oxygen-deficient atmospheres existed within the unventilated tanks; however, in the working area outside the tanks, nonlethal levels were found. Both victims were young males who were found with their upper extremities inside the immersion tanks which contained the furniture stripping solvents. The psychoactive effects of the solvent vapors are believed to have contributed directly to the deaths. The possibility of vapor inhalation abuse or misuse should be anticipated especially when young adults have access to organic solvents in the workplace. Immersion tank liquid levels should not be allowed to become too low since this increases the tendency to lean into the tank when stripping furniture. Local exhaust ventilation control is strongly recommended for all immersion tanks used for furniture stripping.