Reduction in Vehicle Emissions Attributable to Alternative Transportation Fuels and Its Prospective Impact on Air Quality and Public Health

Abstract

Gasoline- and diesel-powered automotive emissions are suspected to contribute to, if not cause, the proliferation of a number of human health disorders. However, the evidence from animal studies to date indicates that emissions from vehicles operating on alternative fuels may pose less of a risk. As part of its efforts to reduce dependence on foreign oil and improve overall air quality, the U.S. Department of Energy has undertaken a major study of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) which includes a comprehensive emissions testing program. The data collected thus far indicate that, for light-duty vehicles, the levels of regulated emissions from alternative fuel models are lower than those from their conventional fuel counterparts. Emissions of air toxics, as well as ozone forming potential, are also lower for the light-duty AFVs. The reductions in emissions from heavy-duty AFVs are greatest for particulate matter. The combination of these findings with results from recent medical studies suggests that communities having higher concentrations of AFVs may experience lower emissions-related risks of disease and human health disorders, and may ultimately realize reduced costs of medical care, lower individual insurance premiums, and a generally more favorable business climate.