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ABSTRACT
The formation of Cr, Pb, and Cd species under various operating conditions in a pilot-scale fluidized-bed incinerator was investigated. Examined were the effects of (1) an organic chloride (PVC) additive, (2) an inorganic chloride (NaCl) additive, and (3) NaNO3 and PVC additives,
under various operating temperatures. Two-stage modeling was performed to match the actual incineration conditions of the current study.
Thermodynamic equilibrium analysis indicated that Cr2O3, PbCl2, and CdCl2 were the dominant species of Cr, Pb, and Cd when an organic chloride (PVC) was present, whereas PbO and CdO were the dominant species under the other operating conditions. The XRD analysis identified Cr2O3, PbCl2, and CdCl2»H2O as the dominant species of Cr, Pb, and Cd when an organic chloride (PVC) was present, whereas Cr2O3, PbO, Pb2O3, CdO, and CdCO3 were identified under the other operating conditions. The sodium contained in the feedstock was shown to react with chlorine to form sodium chloride both in modeling results and by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The temperature of the operating conditions had little effect on the formation of heavy metal species.