Characterizing Perfluorooctanoate in Ambient Air near the Fence Line of a Manufacturing Facility: Comparing Modeled and Monitored Values

Abstract

In order to improve our understanding of the nature, measurement and prediction of salts of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in air, two studies were performed along the fence line of a fluoropolymer manufacturing facility. First, a six–event, 24–hr monitoring series was performed around the fence line using the OSHA versatile sampler (OVS) system. Perfluorooctanoate concentrations were determined as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) via liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Those data indicated that the majority of the PFOA was present as a particulate. No vapor–phase PFOA was detected above a detection limit of approximately 0.07 μg/m³. A follow–up study using a high–volume cascade impactor verified the range of concentrations observed in the OVS data. Both studies aligned with the major transport direction and range of concentrations predicted by an air dispersion model, demonstrating that model predictions agreed with monitoring results. Results from both monitoring methods and predictions from air dispersion modeling showed the primary direction of transport for PFOA was in the prevailing wind direction. The PFOA concentration measured at the site fence over the 10–week sampling period ranged from 0.12 to 0.9 μg/m³. Modeled predictions for the same time period ranged from 0.12 to 3.84 μg/m³. Less than 6% of the particles were larger than 4 μm in size, while almost 60% of the particles were below 0.3 μm. These studies are believed to be the first published ambient air data for PFOA in the environment surrounding a manufacturing facility.