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Original Articles

Client-identified important events in psychotherapy: Interactional structures and practices

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Pages 151-164 | Received 06 Aug 2008, Accepted 30 Jun 2009, Published online: 09 Oct 2009
 

Abstract

This study describes interactional structures and practices in client-identified important events in psychotherapy sessions. Twelve of 16 events from seven client–therapist dyads were found to contain disagreement. A turn-by-turn investigation using conversation analysis displayed three different ways that therapists used to handle disagreement. The first was to orient to the client's disagreement cues by inviting the client to elaborate his or her point and to establish a shared understanding. The second was to orient to the client's disagreement cues but define the therapist's point of view as more relevant to the project at hand. The third was a single case where the therapist did not orient to the client's disagreement cues. The results suggest that disagreement patterns may be an interesting focus for further exploration of microprocesses within therapy sessions.

Abstract

Diese Studie beschreibt interaktionale Strukturen und Anwendungen in Psychotherapiesitzungen, die von den Klienten als wichtigen Ereignissen identifizierten wurden. 12 von 16 Ereignisse von sieben Klient-Therapeut-Dyaden enthielten Uneinigkeit. Konversationsanalysen bildeten drei verschiedene Methoden ab, welche Therapeuten verwenden, um Uneinigkeit zu überwinden. Die erste Methode bezog sich darauf, sich an den Nichtübereinstimmungssignalen des Klienten zu orientieren, den Klienten aufzufordern die Argumente näher auszuführen und ein gemeinsames Verständnis herzustellen. Die zweite Methode zielte ebenfalls darauf ab, sich an den Nichtübereinstimmungssignalen des Klienten zu orientieren, legte aber den Fokus darauf, die Betrachtungsweise des Therapeuten als relevanter für den vorliegende Plan herauszustellen. Bei der dritten Methode, orientierte sich der Therapeut nicht an den Nichtübereinstimmungssignalen des Klienten. Die Ergebnisse deuten an, dass Uneinigkeitsmuster ein interessanter Schwerpunkt für weitere Untersuchungen von Mikroprozessen in Therapiesitzungen darstellen könnten.

Abstract

Cette étude décrit les structures et les pratiques interactionnelles pour des événements importants dans les séances de psychothérapie identifiés par les clients. Douze des 16 événements provenant de sept dyades client-thérapeute ont révélé contenir des désaccords. Une investigation tour-par-tour utilisant une analyse conversationnelle a montré trois différentes méthodes utilisées par le thérapeute pour s'occuper des désaccords. La première méthode était d'orienter sur les signaux de désaccord du client en invitant le client à élaborer son point de vue et à établir une compréhension partagée. La deuxième consistait à orienter sur les signaux de désaccord du client mais en définissant le point de vue du thérapeute comme une perspective plus pertinente. Dans la troisième méthode, le thérapeute n'orientait pas sur les signaux de désaccord du client. Ces résultats suggèrent que les patterns de désaccords peuvent être un sujet intéressant pour une exploration des microprocessus dans les séances de thérapie.

Abstract

Este estudo descreve estruturas e práticas interacionais em eventos identificados como importantes pelo cliente em psicoterapia. Doze de 16 eventos, de entre 7 díades cliente-terapeuta foram identificados como contendo desacordo. Através de investigação usando análise conversacional revelou três métodos diferentes usados pelos terapeutas para lidar com o desacordo. O primeiro era orientado para as pistas de desacordo do cliente para elaborar o seu ponto e estabelecer um entendimento partilhado. O segundo era orientado para as pistas de desacordo do cliente, mas definindo o ponto de vista do terapeuta como sendo mais relevante para o projecto em curso. No terceiro método, o terapeuta não se orientou para as pistas de desacordo do cliente. Os resultados sugerem que os padr[otilde]es de desacordo podem ser um foco interessante para exploração mais exaustiva de microprocessos entre as sess[otilde]es terapêuticas.

Abstract

Questo studio descrive le interazione tra terapeuta e pazienti durante le sedute di psicoterapia. Dodici dei sedici eventi derivanti da sette diadi terapeuta-paziente sono state considerate discordanti. Da una analisi della conversazione si individuano tre diversi modi che i terapeuti utilizzato per gestire il disaccordo. Il primo consiste nell'orientare il disaccordo del cliente invitandolo ad elaborare il suo punto di vista e di stabilire una comprensione condivisa. Il secondo mira a definire il punto di vista del terapeuta come pi[ugrave] rilevante e nel terzo metodo, il terapeuta non si orienta alle indicazioni di disaccordo da parte del cliente. I risultati suggeriscono che i modelli di disaccordo possono essere un centro interessante per un ulteriore approfondimento di microprocessi all'interno di sedute di terapia.

Abstract

Acknowledgements

The authors thank all members of the Discourse Group and the SIS group at the Department of Child Studies, Linköping University, for valuable comments and help during the various stages of data analysis.

Notes

1. Data from other parts of the project will be reported in forthcoming articles.

2. The original transcripts in Swedish are available from Erika Viklund on request.

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