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Original Articles

Facilitating client change: Principles based upon the experience of eminent psychotherapists

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Pages 337-352 | Received 03 Jun 2008, Accepted 09 Nov 2009, Published online: 23 Apr 2010
 

Abstract

Eminent therapists across psychotherapy meta-orientations were asked to describe the processes by which they facilitate change in psychotherapy. A grounded theory analysis of these interviews was conducted. Safety within the psychotherapeutic relationship was identified as a central element in creating client change to the extent that in-session risk taking was important in that orientation. As well, common processes across orientation in structuring new awareness emerged as a core finding. Patterns were identified in how therapists balanced negotiating the client–therapist relationship while fostering new awareness. Principles based on therapists' common intentions are put forward to guide future research and psychotherapy integration efforts.

Abstract

Bedeutende Therapeuten verschiedener psychotherapeutischer Meta-Orientierungen, wurden gebeten zu beschreiben, wie sie dazu beitragen die Veränderung des Klienten zu unterstützen. Eine gegenstandsverankerte Theorieanalyse (Grounded Theory) dieser Interviews wurde durchgeführt. Sicherheit innerhalb der therapeutischen Arbeitsbeziehung wurde als ein zentrales Element für Veränderung des Klienten identifiziert, und zwar in diesem Ausmaß, dass Risikoverhalten innerhalb der Sitzungen wichtig für die Orientierung war. Ebenso, traten gemeinsame Prozesse bzgl. der Gestaltung eines neuen Bewusstseins über verschiedene Orientierungen hinweg auf. Muster wurden identifiziert, inwiefern die Therapeuten versuchen eine Balance zwischen dem Aushandeln der Klient-Therapeuten-Beziehung und Fördern eines neuen Bewusstseins, anstreben. Grundsätze, basierend auf gemeinsamen Zielen der Therapeuten, werden vorgeschlagen, um zukünftige Forschung und die Integration der Psychotherapie anzuleiten.

RÉSUMÉ

Des thérapeutes éminents de différentes méta-orientations de psychothérapie ont été invités à décrire les processus grâce auxquels ils facilitent le changement en psychothérapie. Une analyse selon la « grounded theory » de ces entretiens a été conduite. La sécurité dans la relation thérapeutique a été identifiée comme un élément central pour créer un changement chez le client, pour autant que le risque pris durant la séance soit important dans cette orientation. De plus, les processus communs aux différentes orientations pour structurer une nouvelle prise de conscience ont émergés comme un élément central. Des patterns ont été identifiés sur la manière qu'ont les thérapeutes pour équilibrer la négociation de la relation client-thérapeute avec l'encouragement à une nouvelle prise de conscience. Les principes basés sur les intentions communes des thérapeutes sont mises en avant pour guider la recherche future et les efforts d'intégration en psychothérapie.

Abstract

Terapeutas eminentes de várias meta-orientaç[otilde]es psicoterapêuticas foram questionados para descrever processos através dos quais eles facilitam a mudança em psicoterapia. A análise baseada na teoria destas entrevistas foi conduzida. Segurança entre relaç[otilde]es psicoterapeutas foi identificada como o elemento central para criar mudança no cliente ao ponto que a tomada de risco dentro da sessão foi importante nesta orientação. Da mesma forma, processos comuns às diferentes orientaç[otilde]es na estruturação de nova consciência emergiram como um resultado de base. Padr[otilde]es foram identificados na forma como terapeutas equilibraram negociaç[otilde]es na relação cliente-terapeuta enquanto procuravam encontrar nova consciência. Princípios baseados nas intenç[otilde]es comuns dos terapeutas foram postos na linha da frente para guiar investigação futura e nos esforços de integração da psicoterapia.

Abstract

Ad eminenti psicoterapeuti attraverso delle psicoterapie è stato chiesto di descrivere il processo che potrebbe determinare il cambiamento in psicoterapia. È stata realizzata, a tale scopo, una analisi delle interviste eseguite. Il rapporto tra sicurezza e relazione psicoterapeutica è stata identificata come elemento centrale per il cambiamento nel paziente. Inoltre, attraverso un comune processo effettuato tra diversi orientamenti emergono nuove conoscenze importanti per il cambiamento. Le principali basi sull'interiorità del terapeuta sono discusse e presentate per guidare ricerche future e per integrare gli sforzi terapeutici.

Abstract

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their appreciation to Robert Neimeyer and Sara Bridges for their thoughtful feedback on previous drafts of this article and would like to thank the therapists who donated their time as participants.

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