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Original Articles

The Innovative Moments Coding System and the Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Scale: A case study comparing two methods to track change in psychotherapy

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Pages 442-455 | Received 23 Oct 2012, Accepted 12 Aug 2013, Published online: 08 Oct 2013
 

Abstract

The Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Scale (APES) and the Innovative Moments Coding System were applied to transcripts of a successful case of linguistic therapy of evaluation independently by different research groups. Assimilation theory and research suggest that higher APES scores reflect therapeutic gains, with a level of approximately 4.0 separating good from poor outcome cases. The innovative moments (IMs) model suggests that IMs classified as reconceptualization and performing change occur mainly in good outcome cases, whereas action, reflection and protest occur in both good and poor outcome cases. Passages coded as reconceptualization and performing change were rare in this case, but 100% of them were rated at or above APES 4. By contrast, 63% passages coded as action, reflection or protest were rated below APES 4 (Chi-square = 28.62, p < .001). Implications for research are discussed.

Die „Assimilation of Problematic Experiences“ Skala (APES) und das „Innovative Moments Coding System“ wurden eingesetzt, um Transkripte von einem erfolgreichen Fall von linguistischer Therapie unabhängig von unterschiedlichen Forschungsgruppen zu untersuchen. Die Assimilationstheorie und die Forschung deuten darauf hin, dass höherer APES Werte die therapeutischen Verbesserungen wiederspiegeln. Mit einem Wert von ungefähr 4.0 werden gute von schlechten Fällen diskriminiert. Das innovative Momente (IMs) Modell schlägt vor, dass IMs klassifiziert als Rekonzipierung und ausübender Veränderung hauptsächlich in guten Ergebnisfällen auftritt, wobei Handeln, Reflektieren und Protest sowohl in guten als auch in schlechten Ergebnisfällen auftreten. Passagen kodiert als Rekonzipierung und ausübende Veränderung waren selten in diesem Fall, aber 100% von ihnen waren bei oder über 4 in APES bewertet. Im Gegensatz dazu, 63% der Abschnitte, die als Handeln, Reflektieren oder Protest kodiert wurden, wurden unter 4 in APES bewertet (Chi-square = 28.62, p< .001). Die Konsequenzen für die Forschung werden diskutiert.

以同化困擾經驗量表(APES)與創新時刻編碼系統運用在一例口語治療成功案例之逐字稿上,此案例的評估工作由不同研究團隊獨立進行。同化理論與研究認為APES高分數表示治療有進展,療效良好與否的案例可大致以4.0分為分界。創新時刻(IMs)模式則認為重新概念化與改變表現等類別之IMs,主要會出現在療效良好的案例上,而行動、反映與抗議等類別在療效良好或不良的案例上都會出現。在此案例上,被登錄為重新概念化、改變表現的段落皆極少,但它們100%都被評為APES之4分以上,而被登錄為行動、反映或抗議的段落中,有63% 被評為APES的4分以下(卡方值=28.62, p < .001)。研究的意涵於文中討論。

L'Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Scale (APES) e l'Innovative Moments Coding System sono stati applicati, in modo indipendente da diversi gruppi di ricerca, alle trascrizioni di un caso singolo con esito positivo della terapia linguistica della valutazione. La teoria dell'assimilazione e la ricerca suggeriscono che punteggi APES più elevati riflettono miglioramenti terapeutici, con una discrepanza di circa 4,0 tra casi ad esito positivo e negativo. Il modello dei momenti innovativi (IM) suggerisce che i IMs classificati come riconcettualizzazione ed esecuzione del cambiamento si verificano soprattutto nei casi con buon esito, mentre l'azione, la riflessione e la protesta si verificano nei casi ad esito sia positivo che negativo. Passaggi codificati come riconcettualizzazione ed esecuzione del cambiamento erano rari in questo caso, ma il 100% di questi sono stati valutati pari o superiore al punteggio APES 4. Per contro, il 63% dei passaggi codificati come azione, riflessione o protesta sono stati valutati sotto APES 4 (Chi-quadro = 28.62, p <.001). Saranno discusse le implicazioni per la ricerca.

A Escala de Assimilação de Experiências Problemáticas (APES) e o Sistema de Codificação dos Momentos de Inovação foram aplicados de forma independente por diferentes grupos de investigação na análise das transcrições de um caso de sucesso terapêutico de terapia linguística de avaliação. A teoria e investigação na Assimilação sugerem que pontuações mais elevados na APES reflectem ganhos terapêuticos e que um nível de aproximadamente 4.0 diferencia os casos de sucesso dos de insucesso terapêutico. O modelo dos Momentos de Inovação (MIs) sugere que os MIs de reconceptualização e desempenho da mudança ocorrem com mais frequência nos casos de sucesso terapêutico enquanto que os Mis de acção, reflexão e protesto ocorrem quer em casos de sucesso quer em casos de insucesso terapêutico. Apesar de serem raros os excertos codificados como reconceptualização e desempenho da mudança, 100% dos que foram identificados foram codificados com um nível igual ou superior a 4 na APES. Contrariamente, 63% dos excertos codificados como acção, reflexão ou protesto foram codificados abaixo do nível 4 da APES (Qui-quadrado = 28.62, p < .001). São discutidas as implicações para a investigação.

Notes

1 The concept of innovative moment is an empirical application of the unique outcome concept from White and Epston (Citation1990).

2 The word problematic is used differently in the two models. In the innovative moments model, the problematic self-narrative is problematic from the perspective of the therapist or the theory, insofar as it excludes important experiences. In the assimilation model, however, problematic experiences are problematic from the perspective of the dominant community of voices—the client's usual self, which experiences pain when the problem emerges. Putting the models together, then, the problematic self-narrative in the innovative moments model is precisely what binds together the dominant community of voices in the assimilation model at the beginning of therapy (Osatuke et al., Citation2004; Stiles, Citation2011). Conversely, problematic experiences, in the assimilation model, are precisely the innovative voices that are excluded by initial self-narrative in the innovative moments model.

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