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EMPIRICAL PAPER

Psychometric properties of the Outcome Questionnaire-45.2: The Norwegian version in an international context

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Pages 504-513 | Received 06 Mar 2013, Accepted 16 Sep 2013, Published online: 05 Nov 2013
 

Abstract

Objective: Monitoring of ongoing psychotherapy is of crucial importance in improving the quality of mental health care by detecting therapies being off track, which requires that the instrument used is psychometrically sound. This study investigates the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Outcome Questionnaire 45.2 (OQ-45) and situates the results in an international context.Method: Data from one non-clinical sample (N = 338) and one clinical sample (N = 560) were compared to international samples investigating reliability, cut-offs, and factor structure. Results: The results show adequate reliability and concurrent validity. Conclusions: The means, clinical cut-offs, and the reliable change index vary across countries. However, the means of the OQ-45 for nonclinical samples correlate highly with external values of national well-being, indicating that the OQ-45 is a valid instrument internationally. The factor analyses in the present study do not confirm the hypothesized factor structure of the OQ-45, but are similar to the results internationally.

Ziele: Das Monitoring einer laufenden Psychotherapie ist von äußerst wichtiger Bedeutung bei der Verbesserung der Qualität der psychischen Gesundheitsversorgung, indem Therapien schlecht verlaufende Therapien aufgespürt werden. Dies erfordert, dass das eingesetzte Instrument psychometrisch zuverlässig ist. Diese Untersuchung erforscht die psychometrischen Eigenschaften der norwegischen Version des „Outcome Questionnaire 45.2“ (OQ-45) und beurteilt die Ergebnisse vor einer internationalen Perspektive. Methode: Daten einer nicht klinischen Stichprobe (N=338) und einer klinischen Stichprobe (N=560) wurden mit internationalen Stichproben verglichen und in Reliabilität, Abbrüchen, und Faktorenstruktur untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse zeigen ausreichende Reliabilität und Übereinstimmungsvalidität. Schlussfolgerung: Mittelwerte, klinische Abbrüche, und der reliable change index variieren zwischen den Ländern. Allerdings, korrelieren die Mittelwerte des OQ-45 in der nicht-klinischen Stichprobe hoch mit den Werten des nationalen Wohlbefindens. Dies zeigt, dass der OQ-45 international ein valides Instrument ist. Die Faktorenanalyse in der vorliegenden Untersuchung bestätigte nicht die angenommene Faktorenstruktur des OQ-45, ist aber ähnlich der internationalen Ergebnisse.

目的:改善心理衛生照顧的關鍵在於檢視進行中的心理治療,因為藉由使用符合心理計量特性標準之測量工具能偵測到治療偏離常軌。本研究調查挪威版45.2成效量表(OQ-45)之心理計量特性,並置結果於國際脈絡中探討。方法:取非臨床樣本(參與者人數= 338)及臨床樣本(參與者人數= 560)之結果與國際樣本作信度、切點、及因素結構比較。結果:研究結果顯示適當的信度及同時效度。結論:不同國家所得之平均值、臨床切點及可信改變指數呈現不同結果。然而,非臨床樣本所得之OQ-45平均值與國民幸福指數有高度相關,顯示OQ-45是個適用於國際的有效工具。本研究的因素分析結果無法驗證OQ-45的假設因素結構,但與國際樣本結果相似。

Obiettivo: Il monitoraggio di una psicoterapia in corso è di cruciale importanza per il miglioramento della qualità dell'assistenza nella salute mentale; questo perchè permette di individuare le terapie che presentano difficoltà, il ché richiede che lo strumento utilizzato sia valido dal punto di vista psicometrico. Questo studio valuta le proprietà psicometriche della versione norvegese dell'Outcome Questionnaire 45.2 (OQ-45) e pone i risultati in un contesto internazionale. Metodo: Sono stati confrontati i dati di un campione non clinico (N = 338) e di un campione clinico (N =560) con quelli di campioni internazionali valutando l'affidabilità, i cut- off e la struttura fattoriale. Risultati: I risultati mostrano un'adeguata affidabilità e validità concorrente. Conclusioni: Le medie, i cut-off clinici e l'indice di cambiamento affidabile variano da un paese all'altro. Tuttavia, le medie del OQ-45 per campioni clinici correlano in modo elevato con valori esterni di benessere nazionale, indicando che l'OQ-45 è uno strumento valido a livello internazionale. Le analisi fattoriali in questo studio non confermano la struttura fattoriale ipotizzata del OQ-45, ma sono simili ai risultati a livello internazionale.

Objetivo: A monitorização do decurso da psicoterapia é crucial para a melhoria da qualidade dos cuidados de saúde mental através da detecção de terapias que estão fora do trilho, o que requer que os instrumentos usados sejam robustos de um ponto de vista psicométrico. Este estudo investiga as propriedades psicométricas da versão Norueguesa do Outcome Questionnaire 45.2 (OQ-45) e situa os resultados num contexto internacional. Método: Os dados de uma amostra não-clínica (N=338) e de uma amostra clínica (N=560) foram comparados com amostras internacionais investigando a fidelidade, pontos de corte e estrutura factorial. Resultados: Os resultados mostram fidelidade adequada e validade concorrente. Conclusões: As médias, pontos de corte clínicos e o índice de mudança confiável (reliable change index) variam entre os países. Contudo, as médias do OQ-45 para amostras não-clínicas correlacionam-se de forma elevada com os valores externos do bem-estar nacional, indicando que o OQ-45 é um instrumento válido internacionalmente. As análises factoriais no presente estudo não confirmam a estrutura factorial colocada como hipótese mas são similares aos resultados internacionais.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank patients and staff from the Modum Bad outpatient clinic and Drammen and Baerum District Psychiatric Centers who have delivered clinical data to this study, as well as inhabitants of Modum Municipality, students, members of Friskis and Svettis Fitness Center in Hoenefoss and employees at health institutions who have delivered norm data.

Funding

This research was funded by the Norwegian Ministry of Health, Extrastiftelsen (The Norwegian Council for Mental Health), and Modum Bad.

Notes

1 Dr. Lambert is a co-developer of the OQ-45 and OQ-Analyst and is co-founder of OQMeasures, a partnership that markets assessment tools and distributes them for a fee.

Additional information

Funding

Funding: This research was funded by the Norwegian Ministry of Health, Extrastiftelsen (The Norwegian Council for Mental Health), and Modum Bad.

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