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Original Articles

Understanding the process of motivational interviewing: A review of the relational and technical hypotheses

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Pages 220-240 | Received 28 Feb 2014, Accepted 06 Aug 2014, Published online: 10 Sep 2014
 

Abstract

Objective: The current study systematically reviews evidence for a causal chain model suggested by Miller and Rose to account for the efficacy of Motivational Interviewing (MI). Method: Literature searches were conducted to identify studies delivering MI in an individual format to treat various problem areas. Results: Thirty-seven studies met inclusion criteria. The results suggest that when clinicians utilise MI consistent behaviours, clients are more likely to express language in favour of change. Furthermore, this client language was consistently related to positive client outcome across studies. Conclusions: While the results support some parts of the Miller and Rose model, additional research is needed to confirm the findings in diverse populations. Understanding the mechanisms of MI's effectiveness may maximise the implementation of MI, potentially contributing to better client outcomes.

Obiettivo: In questo studio vengono riviste in modo sistematico le evidenze a favore di un modello causale a catena proposto da Miller e Rose per spiegare l'efficacia del colloquio motivazionale (MI). Metodo: sono state effettuate ricerche bibliografiche per identificare che hanno offerto MI in un formato individuale per il trattamento di diverse aree problematiche. Risultati: Trentasette studi hanno soddisfatto i criteri di inclusione. I risultati suggeriscono che quando i clinici utilizzano comportamenti coerenti con i MI, i pazienti sono più propensi a esprimersi a favore del cambiamento. Inoltre, questo linguaggio del paziente era correlato in modo consistente all'esito positivo del paziente attraverso gli studi. Conclusioni: Anche se i risultati supportano alcune parti del modello di Miller e Rose, sono necessarie ulteriori ricerche per confermare i risultati in diverse popolazioni. La comprensione dei meccanismi di efficacia del MI può massimizzare l'attuazione del MI, contribuendo potenzialmente a esiti migliori del paziente.

Ziel: Ziel der Studie ist es, Belege für das von Miller und Rose vorgeschlagene kausale Ketten-Modell zur Erklärung der Wirksamkeit des Motivational Interviewing (MI) systematisch zu bewerten. Methode: Zur Identifizierung von Studien, in denen MI in einem individuellen Setting zur Behandlung verschiedener Problembereiche eingesetzt wurde, wurden Literatursuchen durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Siebenunddreißig Studien erfüllten die Einschlusskriterien. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass wenn Therapeuten MI konsistente Verhaltensweisen zeigten, die Patienten häufiger veränderungsgünstige Sprache äußerten. Außerdem war die Sprache des Patienten über Studien hinweg konsistent mit einem positiven Therapieergebnis verbunden. Schlussfolgerungen: Obwohl die Ergebnisse einige Teile des Miller und Rose Modells unterstützen, sind weitere Untersuchungen nötig, um die Befunde für diverse Populationen zu bestätigen. Das Verständnis für die Mechanismen, welche die Wirksamkeit von MI begründen, könnte die Anwendung von MI erhöhen und möglicherweise zu besseren Therapieergebnissen beitragen.

Objetivo: O presente estudo consiste numa revisão sistemática sobre as evidências que suportam o modelo de cadeia causal, sugerido por Miller e Rose, para explicar a eficácia da Entrevista Motivacional (EM). Método: Foram realizadas pesquisas na literatura para identificar estudos que apresentassem a EM em formato individual, dirigida ao tratamento de várias áreas problemáticas. Resultados: Trinta e sete estudos preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Os resultados sugerem que quando os clínicos utilizam comportamentos consistentes com a EM, os clientes mostram-se mais propensos a expressar linguagem a favor da mudança. Para além disso, esta linguagem do cliente foi consistentemente relacionada com o resultado positivo da terapia, nos vários estudos. Conclusões: Apesar de os resultados apoiarem algumas partes do modelo de Miller e Rose, é necessária investigação adicional para confirmar estes resultados em diversas populações. Compreender os mecanismos de eficácia da EM pode maximizar a implementação da EM, potencialmente contribuindo para melhores resultados nos clientes.

研究目的:本研究系統性的統整由Miller以及Rose為了檢視動機性晤談(MI)的效能而發展的因果系列模式之研究。研究方法:透過文獻搜集將動機性晤談運用在不同困擾問題領域的個別諮商研究。結果: 有37個研究符合納入的標準。結果建議當臨床人員採用與動機性晤談一致的行為,當事人的語言較有可能展現出改變。除此之外,各個不同的研究皆顯示這些當事人的語言均會與其正向效能有關。結論:雖然這些結果支持某部分Miller以及Rose的模式,仍需要其他研究來確認使用於不同族群之發現。若能了解動機性晤談(MI)效能的改變機制,將可拓展動機性晤談(MI)的落實,可能因此帶來當事人較佳的結果。

Notes

1 Paths 8, 9, and 10 (the effect of training in MI on therapist and client behaviours) will not be examined in this review.

2 In some cases college/university/young adult samples included participants under the age of 18. These studies were included if participants were not referred to as “adolescents.”

3 Strang and McCambridge (Citation2004) and Magill et al. (Citation2012) utilised therapist-rated measures of clinician behaviour.

4 The readiness factor proposed by Amrhein et al. (Citation2003) did not commonly occur in MI sessions. Subsequent coding of client language suggested the additional dimension of “taking steps,” which relates to verbalisation of action already being taken to change (Miller & Johnson, Citation2008).

5 Some studies used “counter-change talk” as a term to describe client arguments away from change, but for clarity “Sustain Talk” (ST) is the term used in the results section.

6 Psychological reactance, defined by Brehm and Brehm (Citation1981) as the tendency to resist relinquishing control in interpersonal situations.

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